“느끼는 것을 말하시오”: 후기 종교개혁 문화의 맥락에서 『리어 왕』 다시 읽기
“Speak what we feel”: Re-reading King Lear in Post-Reformation Cultural Contexts
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One distinctive cultural phenomenon the Post-Reformation era saw was that the center of human morality had shifted from reason to feeling. It was a revolutionary event in the western intellectual history, which resulted in the new heart-centered anthropology as espoused by the early Protestant theologians such as Luther and Calvin. In the late Renaissance court and civic culture, this event changed moral categories, so that the traditionally dominant ideal of prudence deteriorated into social skills such as manners and etiquette, while the new ideal of sincerity took supremacy in the contemporary moral discourse. This paper re-reads King Lear in the context of the Post-Reformation culture, paying particular attention to the opening scene, the storm scenes, and the ending of the play. Cordelia’s apparent ineptitude in the opening scene is actually the expression of her true feeling against her sisters’ flattery and hypocrisy, which are disguised as good manners. Although maddened by of his two daughters’ betrayal, Lear shows compassion towards wretched people in the storm scenes. The compassion is reciprocal in that it comes not only from above but also from below as is articulated by Edgar’s sympathetic speech towards Lear’s extremely distressful state. At the end of the play Edgar says, “Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say.” Pressured by the imminent doomsday, the ideal of sincerity gains ascendancy over that of prudence. The predominance of the former over the latter was also found in the moral discourse of Post-Reformation culture. Indeed, King Lear is one of the most compelling dramatic instances of this phenomenon.
Abstract
One distinctive cultural phenomenon the Post-Reformation era saw was that the center of human morality had shifted from reason to feeling. It was a revolutionary event in the western intellectual history, which resulted in the new heart-centered anthropology as espoused by the early Protestant theologians such as Luther and Calvin. In the late Renaissance court and civic culture, this event changed moral categories, so that the traditionally dominant ideal of prudence deteriorated into social skills such as manners and etiquette, while the new ideal of sincerity took supremacy in the contemporary moral discourse. This paper re-reads King Lear in the context of the Post-Reformation culture, paying particular attention to the opening scene, the storm scenes, and the ending of the play. Cordelia’s apparent ineptitude in the opening scene is actually the expression of her true feeling against her sisters’ flattery and hypocrisy, which are disguised as good manners. Although maddened by of his two daughters’ betrayal, Lear shows compassion towards wretched people in the storm scenes. The compassion is reciprocal in that it comes not only from above but also from below as is articulated by Edgar’s sympathetic speech towards Lear’s extremely distressful state. At the end of the play Edgar says, “Speak what we feel, not what we ought to say.” Pressured by the imminent doomsday, the ideal of sincerity gains ascendancy over that of prudence. The predominance of the former over the latter was also found in the moral discourse of Post-Reformation culture. Indeed, King Lear is one of the most compelling dramatic instances of this phenomenon.
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