『리차드 3세』에 나타난 저주의 극적 기능
The Dramatic Function of the Curse in Shakespeare’s Richard III
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Queen Margaret, the widow of Henry VI, died in 1482 before the death of Edward IV, but Shakespeare placed Margaret in Richard III to dramatically reveal the causes of the War of the Roses and the ruin of Richard. As suggested by Roy Aycock, “Richard’s character and Margaret’s curses” are two of the protagonists in the play. Her power bestows on her a pivotal role in terms of her curses and warnings. The curse she lays on Richard acts as a kind of prophecy and as the “mirror of the future” that illuminates Richard’s fate. Her curses bring anxiety and fear to the characters and haunt Richard. Queen Margaret’s curses reveal the “performative” function of language to form the image of characters. The target of her curses is Richard. Margaret’s “performative” curse upon Richard is the most powerful and fierce, but she is not the only person who lays curses on Richard. Anne, who loses her husband, Queen Elizabeth, who loses her children because of Richard, and the Duchess of York, who is Richard’s mother, join together to curse Richard. Their “performative speech acts” cause dramatic tension and Richard’s anxiety. The images conjured up through the performative curses are the images of predators such as vipers, wild dogs, wolves, and tigers, as well as toads and wild pigs. The curses, which are repeatedly performed by the characters, have ritualistic characteristics and functions containing the implicit wishes of these characters. This article focuses on the dramatic function of Queen Margaret in Richard III and reveals the “performative” aspects of her curses. Richard’s image and character as projected by the curses of the women and the ghosts in the play are also discussed.
Abstract
Queen Margaret, the widow of Henry VI, died in 1482 before the death of Edward IV, but Shakespeare placed Margaret in Richard III to dramatically reveal the causes of the War of the Roses and the ruin of Richard. As suggested by Roy Aycock, “Richard’s character and Margaret’s curses” are two of the protagonists in the play. Her power bestows on her a pivotal role in terms of her curses and warnings. The curse she lays on Richard acts as a kind of prophecy and as the “mirror of the future” that illuminates Richard’s fate. Her curses bring anxiety and fear to the characters and haunt Richard. Queen Margaret’s curses reveal the “performative” function of language to form the image of characters. The target of her curses is Richard. Margaret’s “performative” curse upon Richard is the most powerful and fierce, but she is not the only person who lays curses on Richard. Anne, who loses her husband, Queen Elizabeth, who loses her children because of Richard, and the Duchess of York, who is Richard’s mother, join together to curse Richard. Their “performative speech acts” cause dramatic tension and Richard’s anxiety. The images conjured up through the performative curses are the images of predators such as vipers, wild dogs, wolves, and tigers, as well as toads and wild pigs. The curses, which are repeatedly performed by the characters, have ritualistic characteristics and functions containing the implicit wishes of these characters. This article focuses on the dramatic function of Queen Margaret in Richard III and reveals the “performative” aspects of her curses. Richard’s image and character as projected by the curses of the women and the ghosts in the play are also discussed.
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