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담화 맥락에서의 조건 표지: 조건에서 공손으로

Conditional Markers in Speech Context: From Conditional to Politeness

구현정
담화·인지언어학회 (The Discourse and Cognitive Linguistics Society of Korea)|2005.08|담화와 인지 (Discourse and Cognition)|제12권 제2호|pp. 1-22

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참고문헌

주제분류언어학

초록

Abstract

This paper explores the grammaticalization processes of conditional markers, whereby these markers were grammaticalized, albeit varying degrees and routes, into politeness markers in Korean. According to historical data, -ketun was the primary marker of conditionality up to Middle Korean, which gradually lost its primacy to -umyen, the primary conditional marker in Modern Korean. In the course of this shift and the resultant state thereof, the relegated member -ketun picks up a new grammatical function of marking politeness in an entirely different area, i.e. sentential ending, and though less prominently the newly empowered conditional marker -umyen seems to replicate the development in slightly different ways. From an interactional perspective, conditionals are typically used in contexts where face-threatening is highly likely to occur, as for instance in speech acts of [demand] whereby the speaker wants to bring about change or manipulation of the addressee's action. The reasons for recruiting conditionals in such contexts are due to the fact that characteristics of conditionals have to do with those of politeness. This paper explores the grammaticalization of the Korean conditional markers enabled by speech contexts, focusing on the formal and functional changes, and further explores the theoretical implications of these phenomena in the grammaticalization theory and further in grammar in general, addressing such issues as pragmatic inference as a semantic change mechanism, specialization and divergence, discourse and emergent grammar, and indirectness and politeness.

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