The Emergence of the Korean Modal -keyss-: From Causative to Epistemic and Volitive Modal
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Using diachronic corpus data, this article investigates the historical development of the Korean epistemic and volitive modal -keyss- from its causative source -key hAyes-. The causative -key hA- could express a quasi-passive meaning in the 15th and 16th c. before this meaning was taken over by -key toy-. In the use of the causative -key hA-, when the subject (causer) was omitted, the remaining human participant (causee) could be in focus; the switch of focus to the causee could give rise to a passive-oriented reading. Besides occurring in Korean, the development of passives from causatives has been observed cross-linguistically (Haspelmath 1990). The anterior -yes- was added to the quasi-passive -key hA- to emphasize the definiteness of a current imposition resulting from a past action. From the 16th c., -key hAyes- was used to report a destined future. Based on Traugott and Dasher (2002), this article will propose that the meaning of a destined future, which carries senses of both external binding and futurity, engendered the current epistemic and volitive functions of -keyss-.
Abstract
Using diachronic corpus data, this article investigates the historical development of the Korean epistemic and volitive modal -keyss- from its causative source -key hAyes-. The causative -key hA- could express a quasi-passive meaning in the 15th and 16th c. before this meaning was taken over by -key toy-. In the use of the causative -key hA-, when the subject (causer) was omitted, the remaining human participant (causee) could be in focus; the switch of focus to the causee could give rise to a passive-oriented reading. Besides occurring in Korean, the development of passives from causatives has been observed cross-linguistically (Haspelmath 1990). The anterior -yes- was added to the quasi-passive -key hA- to emphasize the definiteness of a current imposition resulting from a past action. From the 16th c., -key hAyes- was used to report a destined future. Based on Traugott and Dasher (2002), this article will propose that the meaning of a destined future, which carries senses of both external binding and futurity, engendered the current epistemic and volitive functions of -keyss-.
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