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유형론에서 본 영어와 한국어의 상

Aspectuality of English and Korean in a Typological Perspective

조경숙
사단법인 한국언어학회 (The Linguistic Society of Korea)|2006.12|언어학 (EONEOHAG)|제46호|pp. 81-114

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참고문헌

주제분류언어학

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Abstract

This paper aims to represent aspectuality of English and Korean in a typological perspective, and to compare aspectual systems of two languages in the dimensions of Aktionsart and aspect. First, English predicates are divided into 5 types of Aktionsarts such as stative verbs, activity verbs, accomplishment verbs, achievement verbs and semelfactives, according to their semantic features of [Dynamic], [Telic], [Durative]. However, Korean predicates are grouped into 6 types of Aktionsarts because it has a special verb class of ‘psychological verbs'. Korean psychological verbs share a [-Dynamic] feature with typical stative predicates, but they are different from them in the uncompatibility with an aspect marker “-ko iss”. Second, English aspect system consists of two kinds of periphrastic aspects, that is, Perfect and Progressive. The Perfect is a special aspect category that expresses the meaning of ‘the relevance to a reference time'. The Progressive, a special type of Imperfective, expresses ‘on-going activity' at a reference time. On the other hand, Korean aspect system includes a morphological marker “-ess” and many kinds of periphrastic markers. Even though “-ess” represents the similar aspectual meaning to English Perfect marker “have + p.p.”, it's main function is expressing past tense. Also, the aspect marker of “ko -iss”, the most frequently used periphrastic marker in Korean, expresses wider range of aspectual meaning than English Progressive marker “be + -ing”. Therefore “ko -iss” is considered as a marker of Imperfective. Finally, the relationship between Aktionsart and aspect should be considered in order to determine the aspectuality in both languages. Aspect markers can have some marked aspectual interpretations, based on Aktionsarts of the predicates. Otherwise, Aktionsarts of the predicates can be determined by the compatibility with certain aspect markers.

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