Causative Morphemes as Pragmatic Intensifiers
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Kim, Kyunghwan. 2010. Causative Morphemes as Pragmatic Intensifiers. Discourse and Cognition 17.1, 1-20. The typical syntactic change brought to a sentence when a causative morpheme is added is an increase in the valence by one unit. However, in many languages some causative morphemes preserve the original syntactic valence and are used in non-causative contexts. In such cases, the semantic primitives of the causative morphemes can be retained and they can evoke some pragmatic effects. In Korean, the non-productive causative suffix -ttuli, which forms a correlative affixal opposition with the anticausative -ci, and the causative verb sikhi-ta 'to force, order', which forms a correlative stem opposition with ha-ta 'to do', are also found in non-causative contexts. These morphemes, whose canonical function is to express causation, are used for some other purposes without increasing the syntactic valence. The common function of these morphemes can be summarized as pragmatic intensifiers. The pragmatic effects of such causative morphemes originate from the semantic primitives of the morphemes, and they can be extended to various, but somewhat congruent, non-causative functions such as agentivization, patient affection, and action intensification, which can be generalized, including the original function of causativization, as results of semantic transitivity increase caused by the causative morphemes. (Kyonggi University)
Abstract
Kim, Kyunghwan. 2010. Causative Morphemes as Pragmatic Intensifiers. Discourse and Cognition 17.1, 1-20. The typical syntactic change brought to a sentence when a causative morpheme is added is an increase in the valence by one unit. However, in many languages some causative morphemes preserve the original syntactic valence and are used in non-causative contexts. In such cases, the semantic primitives of the causative morphemes can be retained and they can evoke some pragmatic effects. In Korean, the non-productive causative suffix -ttuli, which forms a correlative affixal opposition with the anticausative -ci, and the causative verb sikhi-ta 'to force, order', which forms a correlative stem opposition with ha-ta 'to do', are also found in non-causative contexts. These morphemes, whose canonical function is to express causation, are used for some other purposes without increasing the syntactic valence. The common function of these morphemes can be summarized as pragmatic intensifiers. The pragmatic effects of such causative morphemes originate from the semantic primitives of the morphemes, and they can be extended to various, but somewhat congruent, non-causative functions such as agentivization, patient affection, and action intensification, which can be generalized, including the original function of causativization, as results of semantic transitivity increase caused by the causative morphemes. (Kyonggi University)
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