헝가리 어 후치사의 통사범주
The syntactic category of the ‘Postpositions’ in Hungarian
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This paper aims to discuss the syntactic category of the hungarianpostpositions in a frame of the X‘ theory. Hungarian is a language with a richcase system and postpositional system. Postpositional phrases with spatialmeanings exhibit the similar properties to prepositional phrases in otherlanguages, so the hungarian postpositions in general used to be regarded as acorresponding term to prepositions, and to be analyzed as an adpositionalcategory of the syntax. Diachronically, hungarian postpositional system originated in different classesof words, such as adverbs (túl), verbal particles (át) and participles (fogva,kezdve). They show different morphological and syntactic properties, which cannot be identified with the general definition on the prepositions. One type ofpostpositions can take the personal suffixes without pronominal complement, socalled the ‘dressed Ps’(mögött), while members of the other type ofpostpositions, the naked Ps, are more like particles or adverbial gerunds. Thethird group of postpositions originated in possessive construction, where thepossessum developed into a postposition, which are like nomial phrases withoblique case suffixes(alapján). On the other hand, adpositions belong to the category of relation-words,such as articles and conjunctions. The syntactic structure of adpositionalphrases is head-initial, while the hungarian postpositional phrases arehead-final, so their complement should to be left adjacent to them. Adpositionsas a functional category have no reason for the movement of the complement. In this paper, I propose that Hungarian postpositions should not be treated ona pair with prepositions, while postpositional phrases and adverbial phrases behave very similarly: both of them are of syntactic category of Adv.
Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the syntactic category of the hungarianpostpositions in a frame of the X‘ theory. Hungarian is a language with a richcase system and postpositional system. Postpositional phrases with spatialmeanings exhibit the similar properties to prepositional phrases in otherlanguages, so the hungarian postpositions in general used to be regarded as acorresponding term to prepositions, and to be analyzed as an adpositionalcategory of the syntax. Diachronically, hungarian postpositional system originated in different classesof words, such as adverbs (túl), verbal particles (át) and participles (fogva,kezdve). They show different morphological and syntactic properties, which cannot be identified with the general definition on the prepositions. One type ofpostpositions can take the personal suffixes without pronominal complement, socalled the ‘dressed Ps’(mögött), while members of the other type ofpostpositions, the naked Ps, are more like particles or adverbial gerunds. Thethird group of postpositions originated in possessive construction, where thepossessum developed into a postposition, which are like nomial phrases withoblique case suffixes(alapján). On the other hand, adpositions belong to the category of relation-words,such as articles and conjunctions. The syntactic structure of adpositionalphrases is head-initial, while the hungarian postpositional phrases arehead-final, so their complement should to be left adjacent to them. Adpositionsas a functional category have no reason for the movement of the complement. In this paper, I propose that Hungarian postpositions should not be treated ona pair with prepositions, while postpositional phrases and adverbial phrases behave very similarly: both of them are of syntactic category of Adv.
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