한국어 치조마찰음 /ㅅ/의 모음 환경에 따른 음향 특성 - 만 3세 아동과 만 7세 아동을 대상으로 -
Acoustic Characteristics of the Korean Alveolar Fricative /s/ as Observed from 3-year-old and 7-year-old Children with Respect to the Vowel Environments
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This study presents the acoustic characteristics of Korean alveolar fricative /s/, articulated by 2 groups of children. The subjects were 18 three-year-old children and 18 seven-year-olds reportedly without articulation problems. They have lived in Daejeon. The test material was comprised of 14 categories: 7 CV syllables /si, se, sa, sʌ, so, su, sɯ/ and 7 VCV syllables /isi, ese, asa, ʌsʌ, oso, usu, ɯsɯ/. By using spectral moment variables such as skewness, center of gravity(c.o.g., hereafter), kurtosis and central moment, the spectral characteristics of the [pure noise + aspiration] of [s] was measured. As a result, the values of all of the variables taken from each subject group(3-year-olds and 7-year-olds) showed a statistically meaningful difference among 7 vowel environments and syllable structures. Regardless of the syllable structures, when the high vowels /i, u, ɯ/ and /s/ combined, both 3-year-olds and 7-year-olds showed no significant distinction with respect to the skewness and c.o.g.. But in case of /se, sa, sʌ, so/, a meaningful difference was observed. This explains that 3-year-olds' articulation was imperfect compared with that of 7-year-olds.. This is because that when pronouncing high-vowel combined /si, su, sɯ/, one simply has to control lips from the articulation /s/ while /se, sa, sʌ, so/ require more complex chin movement for the following vowels. When compared by vowel environment, both 3-year-old and 7-year-old groups showed a statistitically meaningful difference between /si/ and /se, sa, sʌ, so, su/. The fact that the combination of vowel /i/ and /s/ is comparatively easy articulation seems to lead to the uniqueness of /si/. In case of the 3-year-old group, /so-su/ and /so-sɯ/, and /su-sʌ/ relations showed meaningful differences. /so/ shows lower spectral distribution compared with /su & sɯ/. Although the labialization process of /su/ has the front cavity lengthened, /sʌ/ shows much lower spectral distribution compared to that of /su/. The 3-year-olds’ immatured articulation seems to make this happen.
Abstract
This study presents the acoustic characteristics of Korean alveolar fricative /s/, articulated by 2 groups of children. The subjects were 18 three-year-old children and 18 seven-year-olds reportedly without articulation problems. They have lived in Daejeon. The test material was comprised of 14 categories: 7 CV syllables /si, se, sa, sʌ, so, su, sɯ/ and 7 VCV syllables /isi, ese, asa, ʌsʌ, oso, usu, ɯsɯ/. By using spectral moment variables such as skewness, center of gravity(c.o.g., hereafter), kurtosis and central moment, the spectral characteristics of the [pure noise + aspiration] of [s] was measured. As a result, the values of all of the variables taken from each subject group(3-year-olds and 7-year-olds) showed a statistically meaningful difference among 7 vowel environments and syllable structures. Regardless of the syllable structures, when the high vowels /i, u, ɯ/ and /s/ combined, both 3-year-olds and 7-year-olds showed no significant distinction with respect to the skewness and c.o.g.. But in case of /se, sa, sʌ, so/, a meaningful difference was observed. This explains that 3-year-olds' articulation was imperfect compared with that of 7-year-olds.. This is because that when pronouncing high-vowel combined /si, su, sɯ/, one simply has to control lips from the articulation /s/ while /se, sa, sʌ, so/ require more complex chin movement for the following vowels. When compared by vowel environment, both 3-year-old and 7-year-old groups showed a statistitically meaningful difference between /si/ and /se, sa, sʌ, so, su/. The fact that the combination of vowel /i/ and /s/ is comparatively easy articulation seems to lead to the uniqueness of /si/. In case of the 3-year-old group, /so-su/ and /so-sɯ/, and /su-sʌ/ relations showed meaningful differences. /so/ shows lower spectral distribution compared with /su & sɯ/. Although the labialization process of /su/ has the front cavity lengthened, /sʌ/ shows much lower spectral distribution compared to that of /su/. The 3-year-olds’ immatured articulation seems to make this happen.
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