만주어 표기에 반영된 만주어와 한어의 구개음화

Abstract

This paper aims at analyzing the palatalization of alveolar and velar stops which appears in Manchu literatures. First, the palatalization of alveolar stops is analyzed. Since syllables like di, ti cannot be found in written Manchu except for some loan words, cognates shared by Manchu, and its sister languages such as Evenki, Hezhe(Nanai) have been compared. In Evenki and Hezhe d or t before high front vowel i remains alveolar while di, ti had already been palatalized in Manchu and written to be j, c. Also, in some dialects of Manchu such as Bala and Alechuka, the pronunciation [ti] or [tʰi] can still be found in some words appears as ji or ci in written Manchu. Second, the palatalization of velar stops in Chinese loan words of Manchu are analyzed. Since a lot of Chinese loan words had been borrowed into Manchu, many phonological phenomena that occurred in Chinese can also be found in literatures written in Manchu. Palatalization of affricates [ʦ, ʦʰ, s] and velar stops [k, kʰ, h] of Chinese is believed to have occurred in the 17th century since in many Manchu literatures which were published in the Qing Dynasty, Chinese scripts with the sounds [ki, kʰi, hi] and [ʦi, ʦʰi, si] were transcribed to be j, c with Manchu scripts. In this paper, the way of transcribing such Chinese sounds with old Manchu scripts and new Manchu scripts is analyzed.