뇌의 예측성과 단어의 의미 범주: 시간 측정의 결과*
The Brain’s Predictive Nature and Semantic Categories of Words: Findings Based on Time Measurements
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This study aims to reveal the predictive processes in language comprehension―cognitive activities that occur unconsciously―by simply measuring response times. Following Tanenhaus et al. (1995), this study uses both auditory and visual stimuli, and uses parallel sentence structures to restrict contextual possibilities and encourage prediction. To compare the effects of prediction, half of the 50 participants were assigned to an ‘interference group’ to hinder natural prediction; the other half were assigned to a ‘prediction group.’ Both groups were instructed to mark the item they “heard” from a pair of options presented on paper. The results show that the prediction group completed the task, on average, 40 seconds faster than the interference group did. This difference happens because the interference group waited to actually hear the item before making a choice, while the prediction group marked the answer without waiting to hear it. Unlike previous studies on predictability, which often focus on words’ overall properties, this study targets lexical semantic categories. The stark difference in completion times between the two groups demonstrates how the brain’s predictive mechanisms can significantly accelerate language comprehension when not disrupted as in the case of the interference group.
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the predictive processes in language comprehension―cognitive activities that occur unconsciously―by simply measuring response times. Following Tanenhaus et al. (1995), this study uses both auditory and visual stimuli, and uses parallel sentence structures to restrict contextual possibilities and encourage prediction. To compare the effects of prediction, half of the 50 participants were assigned to an ‘interference group’ to hinder natural prediction; the other half were assigned to a ‘prediction group.’ Both groups were instructed to mark the item they “heard” from a pair of options presented on paper. The results show that the prediction group completed the task, on average, 40 seconds faster than the interference group did. This difference happens because the interference group waited to actually hear the item before making a choice, while the prediction group marked the answer without waiting to hear it. Unlike previous studies on predictability, which often focus on words’ overall properties, this study targets lexical semantic categories. The stark difference in completion times between the two groups demonstrates how the brain’s predictive mechanisms can significantly accelerate language comprehension when not disrupted as in the case of the interference group.