과제 무관련 부정정서가 공간 및 대상 재인 기억에 미치는 영향
The Effect of Task Unrelated Negative Emotion on Spatial and Object Recognition Memory
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구의 목적은 과제와 무관한 부정적인 정서자극이 공간 및 대상 정보를 기억하는 과제 수행에 미치는 영향을 살펴보는 것이다. 선행 연구들은 과제와 무관한 부정정서 자극이 공간 정보와 대상 정보의 능동적인 갱신이 필요한 과제 수행을 간섭한다고 제안하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 연구들을 확장하여 능동적인 갱신이 필요한 과제가 아닌, 공간 혹은 대상 정보를 단순히 유지해야 하는 과제를 수행할 때도 과제와 무관한 부정정서 자극의 간섭 효과가 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 실험 1에서는 다양한 위치에 자극을 제시하고 위치 정보를 기억에 유지하고 있는 동안 정서 사진을 제시한 후 목표자극이 나타나면 그 자극이 이전에 제시된 위치에 있는지를 확인하도록 하였다. 실험 2와 실험 3에서는 추상적 도형 자극을 제시하고 이어 정서 사진이 나타난 후 목표자극이 나타나면 그것이 앞서 기억한 도형 자극들 중에 있는지 판단하도록 하였다. 그 결과 위치를 기억한 후 재인하는 과제(실험 1)에서는 부정정서의 간섭 효과가 나타났지만, 도형을 기억한 후 재인하는 과제(실험 2, 3)에서는 간섭 효과가 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 부정정서가 공간 정보를 유지해야 하는 과제 수행에는 영향을 주지만 대상 정보를 유지하는 과제 수행에는 영향을 주지 않는다는 것을 보여주며 작업기억의 시각과 공간 정보의 유지가 구분되는 것임을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the task unrelated negative images on spatial and object recognition memory tasks. Previous studies suggested that task unrelated negative stimuli interfere with performances of the spatial and the object memory tasks requiring active updating. The current study examines whether the task unrelated negative stimuli also have effects on spatial and object recognition memory requiring simple maintenance. In three experiments, to be remembered items were presented in a screen, followed by either an emotionally neutral or a negative image, and then a target stimulus was presented. In experiment 1, the location of the memory items were varied and the participants were asked to judge whether the location of the target was matched with the remembered items. In experiment 2 and 3, various shapes of items were presented and the participants needed to decide whether the target was shown in the remembered items. As results, the emotionally negative stimuli hampered maintaining spatial memory(experiment 1) but had no effect on holding object memory(experiment 2 and 3). The results indicated that the negative emotion affects the performance of the task to maintain spatial information, not to maintain object information, suggesting that the maintenance of the visual and spatial working memory should be distinct.
참고문헌 (45)
- Awh, E., "Rehearsal in spatial working memory", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 24(3), pp.780~790 (1998)
- Baddeley, A., "Working memory", Science, 255(5044), pp.556~559 (1992)
- Berggren, N., "Anxiety and apprehension in visual working memory performance: no change to capacity, but poorer distractor filtering", Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 33(3), pp.299~310 (2020)
- Bolton, S., "The impact of threat of shock-induced anxiety on memory encoding and retrieval", Learning & Memory, 24(10), pp.532~542 (2017)
- Bradley, M. M., "The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation", Psychophysiology, 45(4), pp.602~607 (2008)
- Courtney, S. M., "Object and spatial visual working memory activate separate neural systems in human cortex", Cerebral Cortex, 6(1), pp.39~49 (1996)
- Darling, S., "Behavioural evidence for separating components within visuo-spatial working memory", Cognitive Processing, 8(3), pp.175~181 (2007)
- Della Sala, S., "Pattern span : a tool for unwelding visuo–spatial memory", Neuropsychologia, 37(10), pp.1189~1199 (1999)
- d'Esposito, M., "Functional MRI studies of spatial and nonspatial working memory", Cognitive Brain Research, 7(1), pp.1~13 (1998)
- Dolcos, F., "Brain systems mediating cognitive interference by emotional distraction", Journal of Neuroscience, 26(7), pp.2072~2079 (2006)
- Dolcos, F., "Neural correlates of emotion-cognition interactions : A review of evidence from brain imaging investigations", Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23(6), pp.669~694 (2011)
- Dores, A. R., "Study of behavioural and neural bases of visuo-spatial working memory with an fMRI paradigm based on an n-back task", Journal of Neuropsychology, 11(1), pp.122~134 (2017)
- Erk, S., "Valence-specific regulation effects in a working memory task with emotional context", Neuroimage, 37(2), pp.623~632 (2007)
- Eysenck, M. W., "Anxiety and performance : The processing efficiency theory", Cognition &Emotion, 6(6), pp.409~434 (1992)
- Farah, M. J., "The inverted face inversion effect in prosopagnosia : Evidence for mandatory, face-specific perceptual mechanisms", Vision Research, 35(14), pp.2089~2093 (1995)
- García-Pacios, J., "Emotional interference-based forgetting in short-term memory. Cognitive inhibition of pleasant but not unpleasant biologically relevant distractors", Frontiers in Psychology, 6, pp.582~ (2015)
- Gevins, A., "High-resolution EEG mapping of cortical activation related to working memory : effects of task difficulty, type of processing, and practice", Cerebral Cortex, 7(4), pp.374~385 (1997)
- Heller, W., "Lateralization in emotion and emotional disorders", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7(1), pp.26~32 (1998)
- Henriques, J. B., "Brain electrical asymmetries during cognitive task performance in depressed and nondepressed subjects", Biological Psychiatry, 42(11), pp.1039~1050 (1997)
- Lang, P. J., "International affective picture system(IAPS) : Instruction manual and affective ratings", NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, 1, pp.39~58 (1999)
- Lang, P. J., "Looking at pictures : Affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions", Psychophysiology, 30(3), pp.261~273 (1993)
- Lavric, A., "Threat-evoked anxiety disrupts spatial working memory performance : An attentional account", Cognitive Therapy and Research, 27(5), pp.489~504 (2003)
- 이선경, "부정정서가 시각 및 공간 작업기억 과제 수행에 미치는 영향", Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society, 21(3), pp.1483~1495 (2019), 한국자료분석학회[DOI]
- Levy, R., "Association of storage and processing functions in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the nonhuman primate", Journal of Neuroscience, 19(12), pp.5149~5158 (1999)
- Li, X., "Stage effects of negative emotion on spatial and verbal working memory", BMC Neuroscience, 11(1), pp.1~10 (2010)
- Li, X., "Differential influences of negative emotion on spatial and verbal working memory : Evidence from event-related potential and source current density analysis", Neuroreport, 17(14), pp.1555~1559 (2006)
- Li, X., "The cognitive load affects the interaction pattern of emotion and working memory", International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence, 6(2), pp.68~81 (2012)
- Liederman, J., "Presentation of words to separate hemispheres prevents interword illusory conjunctions", International Journal of Neuroscience, 97(1-2), pp.1~16 (1999)
- Logie, R. H., "Visuo-spatial working memory: Visual, spatial or central executive?", Advances in Psychology, 80(C), pp.105~115 (1991)
- McCarthy, G., "Activation of human prefrontal cortex during spatial and nonspatial working memory tasks measured by functional MRI", Cerebral Cortex, 6(4), pp.600~611 (1996)
- Moran, T. P., "Anxiety and working memory capacity : A meta-analysis and narrative review", Psychological Bulletin, 142(8), pp.831~864 (2016)
- Moriya, J., "High visual working memory capacity in trait social anxiety", PLoS one, 7(4), pp.e34244~ (2012)
- Nystrom, L. E., "Working memory for letters, shapes, and locations : fMRI evidence against stimulus-based regional organization in human prefrontal cortex", Neuroimage, 11(5), pp.424~446 (2000)
- Oliveri, M., "Parieto-frontal interactions in visual-object and visual-spatial working memory : evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation", Cerebral Cortex, 11(7), pp.606~618 (2001)
- Owen, A. M., "N-back working memory paradigm : A meta-analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies", Human Brain Mapping, 25(1), pp.46~59 (2005)
- 박태진, "IAPS 자극에 대한 한국 대학생의 정서 평가", 인지과학, 20(2), pp.183~195 (2009), 한국인지과학회[DOI]
- 박태진, "수반자극과제에서 정서가 초점주의에 미치는 영향", 인지과학, 22(4), pp.385~404 (2011), 한국인지과학회[DOI]
- Quraishi, S., "Neuropsychology of bipolar disorder : a review", Journal of Affective Disorders, 72(3), pp.209~226 (2002)
- Rauch, S. L., "The functional neuroanatomy of anxiety : a study of three disorders using positron emission tomography and symptom provocation", Biological Psychiatry, 42(6), pp.446~452 (1997)
- Shackman, A. J., "Anxiety selectively disrupts visuospatial working memory", Emotion, 6(1), pp.40~61 (2006)
- Smith, E. E., "Working memory : A view from neuroimaging", Cognitive Psychology, 33(1), pp.5~42 (1997)
- Ungerleider, L. G., "‘What’ and ‘where’ in the human brain", Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 4(2), pp.157~165 (1994)
- Vergauwe, E., "Visual and Spatial Working Memory Are Not That Dissociated After All: A Time-Based Resource-Sharing Account", Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35(4), pp.1012~1028 (2009)
- Vytal, K. E., "The complex interaction between anxiety and cognition : insight from spatial and verbal working memory", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7(93), pp.1~11 (2013)
- Weiland-Fiedler, P., "Evidence for continuing neuropsychological impairments in depression", Journal of Affective Disorders, 82(2), pp.253~258 (2004)