서로 다른 각성 수준의 슬픔과 공포 표정이 공간 정보 기억에 미치는 영향
The effects of sad and fearful facial expressions at different arousal levels on spatial memory
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선행연구들은 부정적인 정서 자극이 주의를 조절하여 공간적 정보 처리에 영향을 준다고 제안하고 있으며 최근의 부정적인 장면 자극을 이용한 연구들은 자극의 각성가가 공간 정보 처리에 영향을 주는 주요한 요인이라 제안하고 있다. 하지만 얼굴 표정 자극을 이용한 연구의 결과들은 일관되지 않다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 부정적인 얼굴 표정 자극이 공간 및 시각 정보 처리에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 부정적인 얼굴 표정 내에서 각성의 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 실험 1에서는 자극의 위치를, 실험 2에서는 자극의 모양을 기억하는 동안 공포, 슬픔, 무표정한 얼굴을 과제 무관련 자극으로 제시하였다. 그 결과 자극의 위치를 기억해야 하는 동안 제시된 공포 표정은 다른 표정에 비해 공간 정보의 기억을 향상시켰으나 슬픔과 무표정의 경우 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 반면 자극의 모양을 기억하는 과제에서는 얼굴 표정 간 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 선행연구와 마찬가지로 부정적인 정서 자극이 공간적인 정보 처리를 요구하는 과제에 특정적으로 영향을 미치며, 시각 정보 처리에는 큰 영향을 미치지 못함을 시사한다. 보다 중요하게, 본 연구의 결과는 부정적인 정서의 각성이 공간 주의를 조절하여 과제 수행에 영향을 줄 수 있음을 보여주며 장면 자극을 사용한 선행연구와는 달리, 공포 표정의 경우 적절한 정도의 각성과 경계를 증가시켜 기억 수행을 향상시킬 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
Accumulating research has suggested that negative emotion affect spatial processing by modulating spatial attention. Also, recent studies using negative scene stimuli suggest that arousal is a key factor influencing spatial information processing. However, the results of studies using facial expression stimuli are inconsistent. Therefore, this study aimed to explore how negative facial expressions impact both spatial and visual (non-spatial) information processing, particularly focusing on the role of arousal within these expressions. In this study, participants were exposed to fearful, sad, and neutral facial expressions while performing tasks involving either remembering the location (Experiment 1) or the shape (Experiment 2). Results from Experiment 1 revealed that fearful faces, when presented during the task of remembering locations, improved spatial information recognition. However, there were no significant differences observed for sad or neutral faces. Moreover, when it came to remembering the shape in Experiment 2, no differences between facial expressions were observed. The results suggest that negative emotional stimuli affect tasks requiring spatial processing and do not have a significant effect on non-spatial processing. More importantly, these results demonstrate that arousal can affect task performance by modulating spatial attention and, in contrast to previous studies using scene stimuli, suggest that task-irrelevant facial expressions may facilitate perceptual processing by increasing arousal and vigilance.
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