본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

부정정서 자극의 각성가와 습관화가 시공간 작업기억에 미치는 영향

Effects of Arousal and Habituation of Negative Emotional Stimuli on Visuo-spatial Working Memory

이윤형|이선경
한국인지및생물심리학회 (Korean Society For Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|2023.07|한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물 (Korean Journal of Cognitive and Biological Psychology)|제35권 제3호|pp. 191-204|DOI 10.22172/cogbio.2023.35.3.006

0

조회

0

다운로드

1

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

각성부정정서visuo-spatial working memory정서 조절emotional regulationarousalnegative emotion시공간 작업기억습관화habituation
주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 과제와 무관한 부정적인 정서의 각성 수준이 공간 및 시각 작업기억에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고, 나아가 이러한 부정정서의 영향이 조절될 수 있는지 살펴보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 참가자들이 공간 작업기억(연구 1) 혹은 시각 작업기억(연구 2) 과제를 실시하는 동안 3개의 고각성 혹은 저각성의 부정정서 방해자극을 반복적으로 제시하였다. 그 결과 저각성의 부정정서는 공간 작업기억 과제 수행에 영향을 미치지 않았지만 고각성의 부정적 방해자극의 반복적인 노출이 공간 작업기억 과제 수행을 방해하였다. 시간 경과에 따른 습관화 효과를 살펴보기 위해 초반 시행과 후반 시행으로 절반씩 나누어 분석한 결과, 정확률의 경우 간섭 효과가 그대로 유지되었지만 반응시간의 경우 후반 시행에서 간섭 효과가 사라졌다. 이러한 결과는 자극의 반복적 노출로 인한 습관화가 정확률과 반응시간에 다른 영향을 미칠 가능성을 시사한다. 반면 고각성과 저각성 부정정서 방해자극은 시각 작업기억 수행에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 부정적인 정서의 공간 작업기억에 대한 간섭효과가 부정정서에 의해 유발된 높은 각성 때문이라는 주장을 지지하며 고각성 부정정서 자극에 반복적으로 노출되어도 간섭 효과가 쉽게 조절되지 않음을 보여준다. 아울러 본 연구는 정서가 시각과 공간 작업기억에 서로 다른 방식으로 영향을 준다는 것을 보여주는 것을 통해 이 둘이 구분된 체계임을 시사한다.

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to examine how arousal of task-irrelevant negative emotions affect spatial and visual working memory, and furthermore, whether the effects of negative emotions can be regulated. To do so, Participants were repeatedly presented with three high-arousal or low-arousal negative distractors while performing a spatial (Study 1) or visual working memory task (Study 2). The results showed that low-arousal negative emotions did not affect performance on the spatial working memory task, but repeated exposure to high-arousal negative distractors interfered with performance on the spatial working memory task. To further examine the affective habituation effect over time, we split the trials in half, and found that the interference effect remained intact for accuracy, but disappeared in the later trials for reaction time. These results suggest that affective habituation from repeated exposure may have different effects on accuracy and reaction time. In contrast, visual working memory performance was unaffected by negative distractors. These results support the claim that the interference is due to the high arousal caused by negative emotion and show that the interference effect is not easily modulated by repeated exposure to high-arousal stimuli. Furthermore, by showing different effect of emotion on visual and spatial working memory, this study suggests that visual and spatial working memory are distinct.

참고문헌 (62)

  1. Barrouillet, P., "Time and Cognitive Load in Working Memory", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(3), pp.570~585 (2007)
  2. Berggren, N., "Anxiety and apprehension in visual working memory performance: no change to capacity, but poorer distractor filtering", Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 33(3), pp.299~310 (2020)
  3. Bradley, M. M., "Emotion, novelty, and the startle reflex: habituation in humans", Behavioral neuroscience, 107(6), pp.970~980 (1993)
  4. Buodo, G., "Attentional resources measured by reaction times highlight differences within pleasant and unpleasant, high arousing stimuli", Motivation and Emotion, 26(2), pp.123~138 (2002)
  5. Carlesimo, G. A., "Remembering what but not where : independence of spatial and visual working memory in the human brain", Cortex, 37(4), pp.519~534 (2001)
  6. Clarke, R. J., "Prefrontal inhibition of threat processing reduces working memory interference", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7, pp.228~ (2013)
  7. Codispoti, M., "The fate of unattended stimuli and emotional habituation:Behavioral interference and cortical changes", Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 16(6), pp.1063~1073 (2016)
  8. Codispoti, M., "Repetitive picture processing : autonomic and cortical correlates", Brain research, 1068(1), pp.213~220 (2006)
  9. Corbetta, M., "The reorienting system of the human brain : from environment to theory of mind", Neuron, 58(3), pp.306~324 (2008)
  10. Courtney, S. M., "Object and spatial visual working memory activate separate neural systems in human cortex", Cerebral cortex, 6(1), pp.39~49 (1996)
  11. de Voogd, L. D., "A cognitively demanding working-memory intervention enhances extinction", Scientific Reports, 10(1), pp.1~11 (2020)
  12. Deckersbach, T., "Memory dysfunction in panic disorder : an investigation of the role of chronic benzodiazepine use", Depression and anxiety, 28(11), pp.999~1007 (2011)
  13. Dolcos, F., "Neural correlates of emotion–cognition interactions : A review of evidence from brain imaging investigations", Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 23(6), pp.669~694 (2011)
  14. Erk, S., "Valence-specific regulation effects in a working memory task with emotional context", Neuroimage, 37(2), pp.623~632 (2007)
  15. Eysenck, M. W., "Anxiety and Cognitive Performance : Attentional Control Theory", Emotion, 7(2), pp.336~353 (2007)
  16. Ferrari, V., "The Interplay Between Attention and Long-Term Memory in Affective Habituation", Psychophysiology, 57(6), pp.e13572~ (2020)
  17. Fischer, H., "Brain habituation during repeated exposure to fearful and neutral faces : a functional MRI study", Brain research bulletin, 59(5), pp.387~392 (2003)
  18. Fox, E., "Do threatening stimuli draw or hold visual attention in subclinical anxiety?", Journal of Experimental psychology. General, 130(4), pp.681~700 (2001)
  19. Goodwin, H., "Generalized Anxiety Disorder, worry and attention to threat : A systematic review", Clinical Psychology Review, 54, pp.107~122 (2017)
  20. Härpfer, K., "Diverging Patterns of EEG Alpha Asymmetry in Anxious Apprehension and Anxious Arousal", Biological Psychology, pp.108111~108111 (2021)
  21. Heller, W., "Neuropsychological correlates of arousal in self-reported emotion", Cognition & Emotion, 11(4), pp.383~402 (1997)
  22. Heller, W., "Lateralization in emotion and emotional disorders", Current Directions in Psychological Science, 7(1), pp.26~32 (1998)
  23. Hofmann, S. G., "The worried mind : autonomic and prefrontal activation during worrying", Emotion, 5(4), pp.464~475 (2005)
  24. Houwer, J. D., "Differences in the affective processing of words and pictures", Cognition & Emotion, 8(1), pp.1~20 (1994)
  25. Kensinger, E. A., "Effect of Negative Emotional Content on Working Memory and Long-Term Memory", Emotion, 3(4), pp.378~393 (2003)
  26. Lavric, A., "Threat-evoked anxiety disrupts spatial working memory performance : An attentional account", Cognitive therapy and research, 27(5), pp.489~504 (2003)
  27. 이선경, "부정정서가 시각 및 공간 작업기억 과제 수행에 미치는 영향", Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society, 21(3), pp.1483~1495 (2019), 한국자료분석학회[DOI]
  28. 이선경, "과제 무관련 부정정서가 공간 및 대상 재인 기억에 미치는 영향", 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 33(1), pp.1~14 (2021), 한국인지및생물심리학회[DOI]
  29. Levenson, R. W., "Autonomic nervous system differences among emotions", Psychological Science (1992)
  30. Li, X., "Differential influences of negative emotion on spatial and verbal working memory:Evidence from event-related potential and source current density analysis", Neuroreport, 17(14), pp.1555~1559 (2006)
  31. Li, X., "The cognitive load affects the interaction pattern of emotion and working memory", International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence(IJCINI), 6(2), pp.68~81 (2012)
  32. Liu, X., "Effect of Emotion States on the Updating Function of Working Memory", 2018 40th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC), pp.1907~1910 (2018), IEEE
  33. Lucas, J. A., "Memory functioning in panic disorder : a neuropsychological perspective", Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 5(1), pp.1~20 (1991)
  34. Mathersul, D., "Investigating models of affect : relationships among EEG alpha asymmetry, depression, and anxiety", Emotion, 8(4), pp.560~572 (2008)
  35. Min, B. K., "Electrophysiological Decoding of Spatial and Color Processing in Human Prefrontal Cortex", Neuroimage, pp.118165~118165 (2021)
  36. Moriya, J., "High visual working memory capacity in trait social anxiety", PloS one, 7(4), pp.e34244~ (2012)
  37. Nitschke, J. B., "Anxiety, stress, and cortical brain function", The neuropsychology of emotion, 1, pp.298~219 (2000)
  38. Öhman, A., "Emotion drives attention : detecting the snake in the grass", Journal of experimental psychology : general, 130(3), pp.466~ (2001)
  39. Oliveri, M., "Parieto-frontal interactions in visual-object and visual-spatial working memory : evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation", Cerebral cortex, 11(7), pp.606~618 (2001)
  40. Owen, A. M., "N-back working memory paradigm : A meta analysis of normative functional neuroimaging studies", Human brain mapping, 25(1), pp.46~59 (2005)
  41. Owen, A. M., "Functional organization of spatial and nonspatial working memory processing within the human lateral frontal cortex", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 95(13), pp.7721~7726 (1998)
  42. Pessoa, L., "On the relationship between emotion and cognition", Nature reviews neuroscience, 9(2), pp.148~158 (2008)
  43. Pessoa, L., "How do emotion and motivation direct executive control?", Trends in cognitive sciences, 13(4), pp.160~166 (2009)
  44. Pratto, F., "Automatic vigilance : the attention-grabbing power of negative social information", Journal of personality and social psychology, 61(3), pp.380~391 (1991)
  45. Schimmack, U., "Attentional interference effects of emotional pictures : threat, negativity, or arousal?", Emotion, 5(1), pp.55~66 (2005)
  46. Shackman, A. J., "Anxiety Selectively Disrupts Visuospatial Working Memory", Emotion, 6(1), pp.40~61 (2006)
  47. Smith, E. E., "Dissociating verbal and spatial working memory using PET", Cerebral cortex, 6(1), pp.11~20 (1996)
  48. Smith, E. E., "Patterns of alpha asymmetry in those with elevated worry, trait anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms : A test of the worry and avoidance models of alpha asymmetry", Neuropsychologia, 85, pp.118~126 (2016)
  49. Souza, A. S., "No evidence that self-rated negative emotion boosts visual working memory precision", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 47(2), pp.282~307 (2021)
  50. Spachtholz, P., "Negative affect improves the quality of memories: Trading capacity for precision in sensory and working memory", Journal of Experimental Psychology, pp.1450~1456 (2014)
  51. Spielberg, J. M., "Anxiety type modulates immediate versus delayed engagement of attention-related brain regions", Brain and Behavior, 3(5), pp.532~551 (2013)
  52. Stormark, K. M., "Selective processing of linguistic and pictorial food stimuli in females with anorexia and bulimia nervosa", Eating behaviors, 5(1), pp.27~33 (2004)
  53. Vergauwe, E., "Visual and spatial working memory are not that dissociated after all: a time-based resource-sharing account", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 35(4), pp.1012~1028 (2009)
  54. Vogt, J., "Allocation of Spatial Attention to Emotional Stimuli Depends Upon Arousal and Not Valence", Emotion, 8(6), pp.880~885 (2008)
  55. Vuontela, V., "Selective interference reveals dissociation between memory for location and colour", Neuroreport, 10(11), pp.2235~2240 (1999)
  56. Vytal, K. E., "The complex interaction between anxiety and cognition : insight from spatial and verbal working memory", Frontiers in human neuroscience, 7(93), pp.1~11 (2013)
  57. Vytal, K., "Describing the interplay between anxiety and cognition : from impaired performance under low cognitive load to reduced anxiety under high load", Psychophysiology, 49(6), pp.842~852 (2012)
  58. Wilson, F. A., "Dissociation of object and spatial processing domains in primate prefrontal cortex", Science, 260(5116), pp.1955~1958 (1993)
  59. Woodman, G. F., "Visual search is slowed when visuospatial working memory is occupied", Psychonomic bulletin & review, 11(2), pp.269~274 (2004)
  60. Woodman, G. F., "Visual search remains efficient when visual working memory is full", Psychological Science, 12(3), pp.219~224 (2001)
  61. Xie, W., "Negative emotion boosts quality of visual working memory representation", Emotion, 16(5), pp.760~774 (2016)
  62. Yang, P., "Visual short-term memory load modulates the early attention and perception of task-irrelevant emotional faces", Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, pp.490~ (2015)

관련 논문AI추천

과제 무관련 부정정서가 공간 및 대상 재인 기억에 미치는 영향이선경, 이윤형, 최원일한국인지및생물심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물2021 · 제33권 제1호서로 다른 각성 수준의 슬픔과 공포 표정이 공간 정보 기억에 미치는 영향이선경, 이윤형한국인지및생물심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물2024 · 제36권 제4호N-back 과제수행에 과제무관련 자극의 정서가와 각성가가 미치는 영향이선경, 이윤형, 홍영지한국인지및생물심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물2017 · 제29권 제1호전역/국지처리에서 작업기억 용량의 개인차에 따른 정서가 효과박선희, 박태진한국인지및생물심리학회 · 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물2013 · 제25권 제2호정서 정보가 생물형운동자극의 시지각 및 작업기억에 미치는 영향김제중, 이한나한국감성과학회 · 감성과학2018 · 제21권 제3호얼굴표정의 긍정적 정서에 의한 시각작업기억 향상 효과한지은, 현주석한국감성과학회 · 감성과학2011 · 제14권 제4호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (7건)

채점 정확도와 채점자 편향을 통해 본 대학생의 평가 역량박정애, 박주용, 양지원, 김경미pp. 107-124언어게임에서 말 이해의 동적 모형고성룡, 이다정pp. 125-140방완핵 CGRP뉴런들의 활성화는 혐오자극에 적합한 방어행동을 유발하는 데 기여함조혜원, 편경희, 조용상pp. 141-150한국어 명사 어절 시각 재인에서 첫음절 및 타 위치의 음절이 미치는 영향: 토큰 빈도를 중심으로김준우, 김제홍, 이솔빈, 남기춘, 김상엽, 이은하, 강진원, 이창환pp. 151-164숨긴 정보 탐지에서 사건관련전위에 관한 개관김영윤pp. 165-190
원문 보기