미적 선호에 대한 실험미학 연구 개관: 작품과 감상자 요인 및 두 요인 간의 상호작용을 중심으로
A Review of Empirical Aesthetics on Aesthetic Preferences: with a Focus on Artwork, Beholder, and their Interaction
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초록
실험적인 심리학 방법을 토대로 사람들의 미적 선호를 탐구하기 위해 태동한 실험미학 분야는 지속적으로 성장해왔다. 본 개관논문은 작품 요인과 감상자 요인, 그리고 두 요인 간의 상호작용을 중심으로 실험미학 연구가 발전해온 방향에 대한 이해를 도모한다. 먼저, 초기에는 예술 작품에 내재된 보편적인 미적 기준에 의해 미적 선호가 결정될 것이라는 입장이 우세하였으나, 일부 연구들은 미적 선호가 주관적이고 개인적인 것이라고 주장하였다. 이후 연구에서는 작품과 감상자 요인이 서로 상호작용하며 미적 선호를 형성한다는 진보된 관점이 제시되었다. 그러나 두 요인 간의 상호작용은 미적 감상 과정 중 후기 인지적 과정에서 주로 다루어지며, 초기 지각적 과정에서의 상호작용에 대한 측면은 간과되어 왔다. 이를 바탕으로, 현재 실험미학 분야의 실험적 연구와 미적 감상 모델의 맹점을 짚어보고, 향후 실험미학 연구에서 기대되는 새로운 연구 방향을 제시하고자 한다.
Abstract
The field of empirical aesthetics has emerged for years based on experimental psychological methods to explore aesthetic preferences. This review seeks for a better understanding of the directions in which empirical aesthetics research has evolved, focusing on artwork, beholder, and their interaction. Initially, the prevailing perspective was that aesthetic preferences would be determined by universal aesthetic principles inherent in artworks. However, some studies argued that aesthetic preferences are subjective and individualistic. Subsequent research proposed a more advanced viewpoint, suggesting that aesthetic preferences are formed through interactions between the factors of artworks and beholders. Nevertheless, the interaction between these two factors has mostly been addressed in late cognitive processes of aesthetic appreciation, neglecting aspects of interaction in early perceptual processes. Building upon this, the review aims to pinpoint the weakness of current experimental research and aesthetic appreciation models in empirical aesthetics, and to propose new directions for future research in the field of study.
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