그림-단어 간섭 과제에서 방해단어의 의미관련성과 단어빈도의 영향
The Effect of Semantic Relatedness and Word Frequency of Distractor words in Picture-Word Interference Task
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
그림-단어 간섭 과제에서 표적그림은 방해단어와 함께 제시된다. 참가자는 방해단어를 무시하면서 표적그림을 빠르게 명명해야 한다(예, 사과 그림에 대해 ‘사과’라고 명명). 실험 1에서는 표적에 대한 방해단어의 의미적 관련성이 표적 처리에 미치는 영향을 한국어 자극을 사용하여 검토하였다. 실험 결과, 방해단어가 표적과 의미적으로 관련될 때가 그렇지 않을 때에 비해 표적의 명명시간이 길어지는 의미 간섭 효과를 확인하였다. 실험 2에서는 방해단어의 의미관련성과 단어빈도를 함께 조작하여 방해단어의 빈도가 의미 간섭 효과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 검토하였다. 실험 결과, 표적의 명명시간은 비관련 빙해단어에 비해 관련 방해단어에서 길었고(의미 간섭 효과), 고빈도 방해단어에 비해 저빈도 방해단어에서 길었다(빈도 효과). 방해단어의 의미관련성과 빈도 간 상호작용은 관찰되지 않았다. 의미 간섭 효과는 두 빈도 조건에서 모두 유의하게 나타났고, 빈도에 따른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 의미 간섭 효과가 어휘 후 음성 산출 수준에서 발생한다고 보는 비경쟁적 관점을 지지한다고 할 수 있다.
Abstract
In the picture-word interference task, the target picture is presented with the distractor word. Participants should quickly name the target picture while ignoring the distractor word (e.g., name ‘apple’ for a picture of an apple). In Experiment 1, we examined the influence of the semantic relatedness of the distractor word on target processing using Korean stimuli. As a result of the experiment, we observed the semantic interference effect, whereby the naming time of the target picture was longer when the distractor word was semantically related to the target picture compared to when it was unrelated. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the semantic relatedness and frequency of the distractor word to examine the influence of distractor word frequency on the semantic interference effect. The results showed that the naming time of the target picture was longer for the related distractor than for the unrelated distractor (semantic interference effect). Additionally, the naming time was longer for the low frequency distractor than for the high frequency distractor (frequency effect). There was no interaction between the semantic relatedness and frequency of the distractor word. The semantic interference effect was significant in both frequency conditions, and did not vary according to frequency. These findings provide support for non-competitive theories, which suggest that interferences occur at the post-lexical response output level.
참고문헌 (30)
- Abdel Rahman, R., "When bees hamper the production of honey: lexical interference from associates in speech production", Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(3), pp.604~614 (2007)
- Abdel Rahman, R., "Semantic context effects in language production : A swinging lexical network proposal and a review", Language and Cognitive Processes, 24(5), pp.713~734 (2009)
- Alario, F. -X., "Predictors of picture naming speed", Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, pp.140~155 (2004)
- Balota, D. A., "The locus of word-frequency effects in the pronunciation task : Lexical access and", or production, 1985, pp.24, 89~106
- Bodner, G. E., "Beyond spreading activation : An influence of relatedness proportion on masked semantic priming", Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 10(3), pp.645~652 (2003)
- Bürki, A., "What did we learn from forty years of research on semantic interference? A Bayesian meta-analysis", Journal of Memory and Language, 114, pp.104125~ (2020)
- Dhooge, E., "The distractor frequency effect in a delayed picture-word interference task : Further evidence for a late locus of distractor exclusion", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 18(1), pp.116~122 (2011)
- Finkbeiner, M., "Now you see it, now you don’t : On turning semantic interference into facilitation in a stroop-like task", Cortex, 42(6), pp.790~796 (2006)
- Finocchiaro, C., "About the locus of the distractor frequency effect : Evidence from the production of clitic pronouns", Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 25(7), pp.861~872 (2013)
- Geng, J., "The mechanism underlying lexical selection : Evidence from the picture–picture interference paradigm", Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 66(2), pp.261~276 (2013)
- Geng, J., "Relative speed of processing affects interference in Stroop and picture-word interference paradigms: Evidence from the distractor frequency effect", Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 29(9), pp.1100~1114 (2014)
- Glaser, W. R., "The time course of picture-word interference", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Perception and Performance, 10(5), pp.640~654 (1984)
- Hutson, J., "Distractor frequency effects in picture-word interference tasks with vocal and manual responses", Language and Cognitive Processes, 28(5), pp.615~632 (2013)
- Kleinman, D., "Resolving semantic interference during word production requires central attention", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 39(6), pp.1860~1877 (2013)
- La Heij, W., "Categorical interference and associative priming in picture naming", British Journal of Psychology, 81(4), pp.511~525 (1990)
- 이혜원, "한국어 단어재인에서 습득연령효과의 탐색", 한국심리학회지: 인지 및 생물, 23(4), pp.465~485 (2011), 한국인지및생물심리학회[DOI]
- 이혜원, "한글단어재인에서 시각조건에 따른 단어빈도효과 연구", 교육심리연구, 19(3), pp.821~834 (2005), 한국교육심리학회
- Levelt, W. J., "A theory of lexical access in speech production", Behavioral and brain sciences, 22(1), pp.1~38 (1999)
- Lupker, S. J., "The semantic nature of response competition in the picture-word interference task", Memory &Cognition, 7(6), pp.485~495 (1979)
- Mahon, B. Z., "Lexical selection is not by competition: A reinterpretation of semantic interference and facilitation effects in the picture-word interference paradigm", Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 33(3), pp.503~535 (2007)
- Miozzo, M., "When more is less : A counterintuitive effect of distractor frequency in picture-word interference paradigm", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 132, pp.228~252 (2003)
- Monsell, S., "The effects of frequency upon visual word recognition : Where are they", Journal of Experimental Psychology : General, 118, pp.43~71 (1989)
- Park, T., "Subjective Frequency estimates of Korean wordsand frequency effect on word recognition", The Korean Journal of Experimental Psychology, 15(2), pp.349~366 (2003)
- Rhee, K. -Y., "Korean category norms : Survey on exemplar frequency norm, typicality, and features", Korean Journal of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 3, pp.131~160 (1991)
- Roelofs, A., "A spreading-activation theory of lemma retrieval in speaking", Cognition, 42(1-3), pp.107~142 (1992)
- Scaltritti, M., "Distributional analyses in the picture-word interference paradigm : Exploring the semantic interference and the distractor frequency effects", The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 68(7), pp.1348~1369 (2015)
- Snodgrass, J. G., "A standardized set of 260 pictures : Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity", Journal of Experimental Psychology : Human Learning and Memory, 6(2), pp.174~215 (1980)
- Schnur, T. T., "Semantic picture–word interference is a postperceptual effect", Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 19, pp.301~308 (2012)
- Starreveld, P. A., "Time course analysis of the effects of distractor frequency and categorical relatedness in picture naming : An evaluation of the response exclusion account", Language and Cognitive Processes, 28(5), pp.633~654 (2013)
- The word frequency of contemporary Korean, "Yonsei Institute of Language and Information Studies", Yonsei university, ~, pp.CLID-WP-98-02-28 (1998)