시각탐색에서 시간적 맥락에 따른 위치 확률 학습
Location Probability Learning depending on Temporal Contexts in Visual Search
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초록
위치 확률 학습(Location probability learning) 효과란 시각탐색 시 표적이 특정 위치에 빈번하게 출현할 때 해당 위치로의 공간 주의가 편향됨으로써 탐색이 빨라지는 현상을 일컫는다(Jiang et al., 2013). 본 연구는 결합(conjunction) 탐색에서 시간적 맥락에 따라 공간 주의가 유연하게 편향되는지 알아보고자 수행되었다. 실험 1에서 표적은 응시점 이후 시간적 맥락(300 ms / 1300 ms)에 따라 두 개의 특정 사분면에서 높은 빈도로 출현하였다. 실험 1의 결과, 맥락과 상관없이 공간 주의가 두 개의 고빈도 사분면으로 편향되었다. 실험 2에서는 시간적 맥락을 강화하여 표적이 첫 번째 또는 두 번째 탐색 화면부터 제시되었으며 그 결과, 맥락 특정적인 공간 주의 편향이 관찰되었다. 실험 3은 실험 2에 혼입되어있는 순서와 길이의 효과 크기 비교를 통해 순서의 영향력을 재확인하였다. 본 결과는 위치 확률 학습에서 탐색 화면이 시간적 순서(temporal order) 정보를 지닐 때 강력한 시간적 맥락으로 사용되며, 시공간이 존재하는 역동적 환경에서 인간의 학습 기전에 시간적 맥락이 작동하는 방식에 대한 새로운 통찰을 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
The location probability learning effect refers to the phenomenon where spatial attention is biased towards a specific location, resulting in faster visual search, when a target appears frequently at that location (Jiang et al., 2013). This study aimed to investigate whether spatial attention is flexibly biased by temporal context in conjunction search. In Experiment 1, the target appeared with high frequency in two specific quadrants depending on the temporal context (300 ms / 1300 ms) after fixation. The results of Experiment 1 showed that spatial attention was biased towards the two high-frequency quadrants regardless of the temporal context. In Experiment 2, by reinforcing the temporal context, the target was presented from either the first or second search display depending on the context, and the results showed that context-specific spatial attention bias occurred. Experiment 3 reaffirmed the influence of the order to investigate specifically the effect sizes of the temporal order and duration confounded in Experiment 2. These results imply that the search display with temporal order information is used as a powerful temporal context in location probability learning, and provide new insights into the way temporal context operates in the human learning mechanism in dynamic environments where space and time coexist.
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