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Parasitic Behaviour of Xanthopimpla pedator Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) on Tropical Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Reared on Seven Forestry Host Plants in Uttarakhand, India

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Antheraea mylitta Drury is a commercial silk producing forest insect in India and Xanthopimplapedator Fabricius is its larval-pupal endoparasitoid, which causes pupal mortality that affectsseed production. Effects of host plants, rearing season and their interactions on parasiticbehaviour of X. pedator were studied here, as influence of these factors on biological successof X. pedator is not known. Seven forest tree species were tested as food plants for A. mylitta,and rate of pupal parasitization in both the rearing seasons were recorded and analysed. Results showed that rearing season and host plants significantly affected the rate of pupalparasitization in both the sexes. Pupal mortality was found significantly higher (14.52%) insecond rearing season than the first (2.89%). Likewise, host plants and rearing seasonssignificantly affected length, diameter, and shell thickness of cocoons in both sexes. Out ofall infested pupae, 85.59% were found male, which indicated that X. pedator chooses malespinning larva of A. mylitta for oviposition, but we could not answer satisfactorily the whyand how aspect of this sex specific parasitic behaviour of X. pedator. Multiple regressionanalysis indicated that length and shell thickness of male cocoons are potential predictorsfor pupal parasitization rate of X. pedator. Based on highest cocoon productivity and lowestpupal mortality, Terminalia alata, T. tomentosa, and T. arjuna were found to be the mostsuitable host plants for forest based commercial rearing of A. mylitta in tropical forest areasof Uttarakhand state, where it has never been reared earlier. Sex and season specificinteraction of X. pedator with its larval-pupal host, A. mylitta is a novel entomological study tofind out explanations for some of the unresolved research questions on parasitic behaviourof X. predator that opens a new area for specialised study on male specific parasitization inIchneumonidae.

Abstract

Antheraea mylitta Drury is a commercial silk producing forest insect in India and Xanthopimplapedator Fabricius is its larval-pupal endoparasitoid, which causes pupal mortality that affectsseed production. Effects of host plants, rearing season and their interactions on parasiticbehaviour of X. pedator were studied here, as influence of these factors on biological successof X. pedator is not known. Seven forest tree species were tested as food plants for A. mylitta,and rate of pupal parasitization in both the rearing seasons were recorded and analysed. Results showed that rearing season and host plants significantly affected the rate of pupalparasitization in both the sexes. Pupal mortality was found significantly higher (14.52%) insecond rearing season than the first (2.89%). Likewise, host plants and rearing seasonssignificantly affected length, diameter, and shell thickness of cocoons in both sexes. Out ofall infested pupae, 85.59% were found male, which indicated that X. pedator chooses malespinning larva of A. mylitta for oviposition, but we could not answer satisfactorily the whyand how aspect of this sex specific parasitic behaviour of X. pedator. Multiple regressionanalysis indicated that length and shell thickness of male cocoons are potential predictorsfor pupal parasitization rate of X. pedator. Based on highest cocoon productivity and lowestpupal mortality, Terminalia alata, T. tomentosa, and T. arjuna were found to be the mostsuitable host plants for forest based commercial rearing of A. mylitta in tropical forest areasof Uttarakhand state, where it has never been reared earlier. Sex and season specificinteraction of X. pedator with its larval-pupal host, A. mylitta is a novel entomological study tofind out explanations for some of the unresolved research questions on parasitic behaviourof X. predator that opens a new area for specialised study on male specific parasitization inIchneumonidae.

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