A Combination Method of CO2-Narcosis and Cold Treatment for Breaking Diapause of Bombus ignitus and Bombus terrestris Bumblebee Queens
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Bumblebees are important pollinators of crops and wildflowers. Bumblebees generallyproduce one generation per year. One of the key stages for year-round rearing of bumblebeesis breaking diapause. To evaluate the effects of a combination method of CO2-narcosis andcold treatment to break the diapause of B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens, we determinedwhether this method affected their ability to establish a colony after the diapause break. The diapause treatment regimes that were utilized were CO2 (CO2–narcosis), CT-1M (coldtreatment at 5°C for 1 mo), CT-1M-CO2 (CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 1 mo), CT-2MCO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 2 mo), CT-2M (cold treatment for 2 mo), CT-2.5MCO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 2.5 mo) and CT-2.5M (cold treatment at 5°C for 2.5mo). In view of the effects on the colony developmental characteristics of B. ignitus queens,the most favorable diapause treatment was CT-1M-CO2. A combination method of CO2–narcosis and cold temperature treatment yielded better results than that of single CO2–narcosisor cold temperature treatment on the colony development of diapause-broken B. ignitusqueens. In the case of B. terrestris queens, we concluded that a combination method of CO2and cold temperature treatment yielded better results than that of a single cold-temperature (upto 2 mo) treatment. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that the combinedapplication of CO2 and cold temperature was a favorable method for the colony developmentof diapause-broken B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens compared with only CO2–narcosis orcold temperature treatments. A combination method of CO2 and cold treatment reduced theside effect of CO2–narcosis and shortened the duration of cold treatment by at least 1 mo.
Abstract
Bumblebees are important pollinators of crops and wildflowers. Bumblebees generallyproduce one generation per year. One of the key stages for year-round rearing of bumblebeesis breaking diapause. To evaluate the effects of a combination method of CO2-narcosis andcold treatment to break the diapause of B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens, we determinedwhether this method affected their ability to establish a colony after the diapause break. The diapause treatment regimes that were utilized were CO2 (CO2–narcosis), CT-1M (coldtreatment at 5°C for 1 mo), CT-1M-CO2 (CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 1 mo), CT-2MCO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 2 mo), CT-2M (cold treatment for 2 mo), CT-2.5MCO2(CO2–narcosis after cold treatment for 2.5 mo) and CT-2.5M (cold treatment at 5°C for 2.5mo). In view of the effects on the colony developmental characteristics of B. ignitus queens,the most favorable diapause treatment was CT-1M-CO2. A combination method of CO2–narcosis and cold temperature treatment yielded better results than that of single CO2–narcosisor cold temperature treatment on the colony development of diapause-broken B. ignitusqueens. In the case of B. terrestris queens, we concluded that a combination method of CO2and cold temperature treatment yielded better results than that of a single cold-temperature (upto 2 mo) treatment. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that the combinedapplication of CO2 and cold temperature was a favorable method for the colony developmentof diapause-broken B. ignitus and B. terrestris queens compared with only CO2–narcosis orcold temperature treatments. A combination method of CO2 and cold treatment reduced theside effect of CO2–narcosis and shortened the duration of cold treatment by at least 1 mo.
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