Experimental study on flame shape characteristics of CH4 combustor under exhaust gas aspiration
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The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that global carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise, particularly in developing regions with high fossil fuel reliance. Although liquefied natural gas (LNG) is recognized as a transitional energy source due to its lower CO2 emissions compared to coal and oil, its primary component, methane, exhibits a high global warming potential and still generates significant air pollutants—such as CO2, CO, and NOx—during combustion. Moreover, combustion emissions from indoor appliances, such as household gas stoves, pose serious health risks to users; in enclosed spaces, the accumulation of carbon monoxide can lead to fatal poisoning. This study experimentally investigates methane combustion efficiency using nitrogen-diluted methane diffusion flames with aspiration technology to reduce harmful emissions. A coaxial flow burner connected to a vacuum pump was used to examine diffusion flame formation under varying fuel dilution ratios, suction flow rates, and nozzle injection conditions. A total of 87 gas mixtures were tested, and the resulting flame structures were classified into five regimes (Regime I to Regime V). As the suction flow rate increased, the flame transitioned from Regime I to Regime V. Moreover, as the conditions approached Regime V, the volume fraction of soot within the flame decreased, and the flame exhibited luminosity similar to that of blue, premixed flames. The successful characterization of flame lengths under various gas conditions provides valuable insights for optimizing industrial combustor designs.
Abstract
The International Energy Agency (IEA) reports that global carbon dioxide emissions continue to rise, particularly in developing regions with high fossil fuel reliance. Although liquefied natural gas (LNG) is recognized as a transitional energy source due to its lower CO2 emissions compared to coal and oil, its primary component, methane, exhibits a high global warming potential and still generates significant air pollutants—such as CO2, CO, and NOx—during combustion. Moreover, combustion emissions from indoor appliances, such as household gas stoves, pose serious health risks to users; in enclosed spaces, the accumulation of carbon monoxide can lead to fatal poisoning. This study experimentally investigates methane combustion efficiency using nitrogen-diluted methane diffusion flames with aspiration technology to reduce harmful emissions. A coaxial flow burner connected to a vacuum pump was used to examine diffusion flame formation under varying fuel dilution ratios, suction flow rates, and nozzle injection conditions. A total of 87 gas mixtures were tested, and the resulting flame structures were classified into five regimes (Regime I to Regime V). As the suction flow rate increased, the flame transitioned from Regime I to Regime V. Moreover, as the conditions approached Regime V, the volume fraction of soot within the flame decreased, and the flame exhibited luminosity similar to that of blue, premixed flames. The successful characterization of flame lengths under various gas conditions provides valuable insights for optimizing industrial combustor designs.