소아 천식 환자에서 집먼지진드기 항원을 이용한면역요법의 3년 장기 추적관찰
A Three-year Follow-up of D.f- and D.p-SpecificConventional Immunotherapy in Asthmatic Children
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목 적 : 집먼지진드기 항원에 감작된 소아 천식 환자에서 집먼지진드기 항원을 이용한 고식적 면역요법이 천식의 치료에 효과적이나 그 기전은 명확히 밝혀지지 않은 상태로, 저자들은 3년간의 장기 추적관찰로 면역요법이 천식환자에게 미치는 효과와 새로운 항원에의 감작을 예방하는 효과가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다.방 법 : D.f와 D.p를 이용하여 고식적 면역요법을 시행한 환자 23명인 치료군과 대조군으로는 D.f와 D.p에는 감작되어 있으나 면역요법을 시행받지 않은 환자 27명을 대상으로 하였다. 면역요법을 시행하기 전과 3년 후에 피부단자시험과 말초혈액내 총 호산구 수, 백혈구 중 호산구 분율, 총 IgE, D.f- 및 D.p-특이 IgE 농도를 측정하였다. 그리고 기도과민성을 평가하기 위해 메타콜린 유발검사에 의한 PC20을 측정하여 비교하였다. 또한 집먼지진드기에만 감작되어 있었던 환아들에서 면역요법으로 새로운 알레르기 항원에 대한 감작의 발생이 예방되는지도 관찰하였다.결 과 : 치료군에서 면역요법 시행 3년 후에 D.p에 대한 피부반응도와 총 호산구수가 감소하였다. 그러나 백혈구 중 호산구 분율과 총 IgE, D.f- 및 D.p-특이 IgE는 면역요법 시행 전후에 차이가 없었다. 기도과민성은 치료군과 대조군 모두에서 3년 후 호전을 보였다. 새로운 항원에 대한 감작은 치료군에서는 13.0%, 대조군에서는 22.2%에서 발생되었으나 두 군 사이에 통계적으로는 차이가 없었다. 결 론:면역요법으로 피부반응도와 기도과민성이 호전되는 것으로 보아 면역요법은 작동기관에 변화를 유도하여 그 효과가 지속되지만, 새로운 항원에 대한 감작이 발생하는 것을 예방하지는 못하였다.
Abstract
Purpose:Immunotherapy(IT) with Dermatophagoides farinae(D.f) or Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(D.p) has proven to be clinically effective treatment for patients with asthma, but the mechanism and prognostic index of IT are not completely understood. We evaluated the long-term effect of conventional IT with D.f or D.p, and also investigated whether IT could prevent new sensitizations to other new allergens. Methods:The patient group included 23 asthmatic patients with D.f- and D.p-sensitivities who visited Asan Medical Center and were treated with conventional IT(Allergopharma, Germany). The control group contained 27 asthmatic patients with D.f- and D.p-sensitivities who were not treated with IT. We compared skin test reactivity, total IgE, specific IgE, total eosinophil counts, eosinophils fraction and bronchial hyperreactivity before and three years after IT. Results:The skin test reactivity to D.p and total eosinophil counts were decreased significantly three years after IT. But total IgE, D.f- and D.p-specific IgE, and eosinophils fraction were not changed three years after IT. The bronchial hyperreactivity by methacholine was decreased in both groups after three years. In addition, development of sensitization to new allergens happened in 13.0 percent of the IT group and 22.2 percent of the control group, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion:The conventional IT with D.f and D.p could change the allergic responsiveness of the target organs, such as skin, but it could not prevent the development of new sensitizations in asthmatic children.
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