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천식 환아에서 집먼지진드기 감작이 기도과민성과 폐기능에 미치는 영향

Sensitization to House Dust Mite: Its Associations with Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness and Lung Function in Asthmatic Children

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참고문헌

주제분류소아과학

초록

목 적 : 흡입항원 감작은 소아 천식의 발현과 유지에 중요한 인자이다. 집먼지진드기가 주항원인 우리나라 소아 천식 환자에게 집먼지진드기 감작이 미치는 영향은 중요할 것으로 생각되는데 집먼지진드기 감작과 기도과민성, 폐기능간 연관성은 아직 논란이 있어 본 저자들은 그 연관성을 알아보고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1995년 5월부터 2007년 4월까지 전주 예수병원 소아과에 내원하여 천식으로 진단되었던 중등도 이하의 환아 중 피부 단자 검사와 폐기능 검사를 모두 시행하였던 5-12세의 118명을 대상으로 하였다. 대상 환아는 우리나라에서 흔한 흡인성 항원의 피부 단자 시험 상 모두 음성인 소아를 비감작군으로, 집먼지진드기 항원에 양성반응을 보인 군을 감작군으로 구분하여 혈청 총 IgE, 메타콜린 PC20, 폐기능 지표(FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF25-75%)를 비교하였고, 집먼지진드기 감작군에서 혈청 총 IgE, 기도과민성, 폐기능, 나이 사이의 상관관계를 평가하였다. 결 과 : 혈청 총 IgE와 기도과민성은 집먼지진드기 감작군이 비감작군에 비해 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 폐기능은 집먼지진드기 감작군과 비감작군 간에 의미 있는 차이가 없었다. 기관지 확장제 사용 후 폐기능은 예측치에 비해 양 군 모두 감소하였으나 차이는 없었다. 감작군에서 PC20은 pre BD %FEF25-75%와 상관관계가 있었으며(r= 0.346, P=0.008) %FVC, %FEV1, FEV1/FVC와는 상관관계가 없었다. 감작군에서 PC20은 혈청 총 IgE, 나이와 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 감작군에서 총 IgE는 폐기능과 상관관계가 없었으며 나이는 pre BD FEV1/FVC와 상관관계가 있었으며(r=-0.207, P=0.045) %FVC, %FEV1, %FEF25-75%와는 상관관계가 없었다. 결 론 : 본 연구에서 집먼지진드기에 감작된 천식 환아는 비감작된 환아에 비해 높은 기도과민성을 보였으나 폐기능은 차이를 보이지 않았다. 즉 집먼지진드기 감작이 소아 천식에서 기도과민성의 조절인자로 생각된다.

Abstract

Purpose : Aeroallergens are generally known to us as risk factors for the persistence of asthma. House dust mites are major aeroallergens in Korea. However, the associations between house dust mites sensitization, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and pulmonary function are still controversial. Methods : One hundred eighteen children aged 5-12 years with mild to moderate asthma were enrolled. Each subject underwent the pulmonary function test, the methacholine challenge test, and the skin prick test with aeroallergens, and total serum immunoglobin (Ig)E levels. The non-sensitization group was defined when skin prick test results are all negative for common aeroallergens. The sensitization group was defined when skin test results are positive for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus or Dermatophagoides farinae. Results : In the house dust mites sensitization group, increased serum total IgE and decreased methacholine PC20 were noted. There was no significant difference in pulmonary functions between sensitization and non-sensitization groups. In the sensitization group, methacholine PC20 correlated with prebronchodilator %FEF25-75% (r=0.346, P=0.008) but did not correlate with %FVC, %FEV1 and FEV1/FVC. In the sensitization group, methacholine PC20 and pulmonary function did not correlate with total IgE or age. Conclusion : The house dust mites sensitization in asthmatic children correlated with increased bronchial responsiveness but did not correlate with decreased pulmonary functions. These findings support the role of house dust mite sensitization in the modulation bronchial responsiveness.

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