‘조현병-정신분열병’ 병명에 따른 낙인 비교
Comparison of Stigma according to the Term Used for Schizophrenia : Split-Mind Disorder vs. Attunement Disorder
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초록
조현병에 대한 사회적 편견은 질병의 예방, 조기치료 및 재활을 어렵게 하고, 환자가 사회에 적응하는 것을 방해한다. 이러한 낙인 현상을 극복하기 위해 질병명을 정신분열병에서 조현병으로 개명하였다. 본 연구는 ‘정신분열병’과 ‘조현병’이라는 병명이 주는 편견과 낙인의 정도를 간호대학생을 대상으로 조사하여 비교하였다. 총 360명의 간호대학생이 연구에 참여하였다. 질병의 특성에 대한 동일한 설명을 제공하고 ‘정신분열병’과 ‘조현병’에 대한 위험성과 차별행동에 대한 설문을 시행하였다. 그 결과 조현병은 정신분열병에 비해위험성과 관계 및 권리에 대한 차별행동이 유의하게 낮았다. 아울러 정신질환을 가진 환자를 접한 경험이 있는 경우 유의하게 낮은 차별행동을 보였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 조현병으로의 개명이 편견과 낙인해소에 기여할 것으로 생각된다. 또한 정신질환을 앓는 개인과 대중간의 직접적인 접촉이 증진되면 낙인현상이 감소할 수 있을 것으로 기대되어 이를 활용한 낙인 감소 프로그램이 필요하다. 병명개정을 계기로 앞으로 낙인 극복을 위한 더욱 적극적인 노력이 필요하다.
Abstract
Objectives In Korea, the term for schizophrenia has been changed from ‘split-mind disorder’ to ‘attunement disorder’. This study compared the stigma of, and prejudice against, people with schi-zophrenia, according to use of the term ‘split-mind disorder’ or ‘attunement disorder’. Methods We conducted a survey of 360 college students majoring in nursing science in order to assess their prejudice regarding the danger posed by schizophrenia and discrimination re-garding relationships and privileges for patients with schizophrenia using the social stigma scale and the discrimination scale for patients with mental illness, respectively. Study subjects were ran-domly divided into two groups, and the same scales were assigned to each group using different instructions, beginning with either ‘split-mind disorder’ or ‘attunement disorder’. Results In multivariate analysis, scores for prejudice with regard to the danger posed by, and discrimination against, patients with schizophrenia were significantly higher in the group assigned the term split-mind disorder, compared with the term attunement disorder. Scores for discriminat-ion with regard to relationships and privileges were significantly lower for subjects with experi-ence to contact the mentally ill, compared to those without such experience. Conclusion Our findings suggest that renaming split-mind disorder as attunement disorder can result in reduced prejudice and discrimination against people with schizophrenia. In addition to re-naming schizophrenia, implementation of anti-stigma campaigns, including contact with schizo-phrenia patients, may help to reduce discrimination against them.
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