학령 전기 기침이형천식 환자에서의 전형적인 천식 증상 발생과 기관지 과민성의 연관성
Relationship between Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness and Development of Asthma in Preschool Children with Cough Variant Asthma
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목적:기침이형천식 환자들의 상당수에서는 이후 전형적인 천식의 증상이 발생함이 알려져 있다. 기관지 과민성은 천식 기도의 특징으로써 천식 증상과 상관 관계를 보인다. 본 연구는 학령 전기 기침이형천식 환자들에서 기관지 과민성의 정도와 이후의 천식 증상 발생 여부 사이의 관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:학령 전기에 만성 기침을 주소로 서울대병원 어린이병원 호흡기 알레르기 클리닉을 방문하여 학령기까지 경과 관찰이 가능하였던 환자들을 대상으로 하였고 이들 중 기관지 과민성이 있었던 환자들을 기침이형천식으로 정의하였다. 학령 전기 메타콜린 기관지 과민성 검사는 청진 및 산소포화도 검사를 이용한 방법을 사용하였다. 청진 상 천명이 들리거나 산소 포화도가 기저에 비해 5% 이상 감소를 보인 시점의 메타콜린 농도를 종점 농도라 하고 종점 농도가 8 mg/mL 이하인 경우 기관지 과민성이 있는 것으로 판정하였다. 만 7세 이후에 폐활량계를 이용한 학령기 메타콜린 기관지 과민성 검사가 시행되었고 PC20이 8 mg/mL 이하인 경우 기관지 과민성이 있는 것으로 판정하였다. 대상 환자들의 의무 기록을 통해 경과 중 천명 또는 호흡 곤란의 발생 여부를 확인하였다. 결과:36명의 기침이형천식 환자들에서 평균 2.1±0.9년 동안의 의무기록을 분석하였다. 이들 중 천명 또는 호흡 곤란이 발생하였던 군(n=9, group A)에서는 그렇지 않았던 군(n=27, group B)에 비해 학령 전기 메타콜린 종점 농도가 유의하게 낮았다.(P=0.02) 또한 group A에서는 학령기에 도달했을 때 기관지 과민성이 지속되는 빈도가 group B에 비해 유의하게 높았다.(P<0.01)결론:본 연구에서 학령 전기 기침이형천식 환자들의 기관지 과민성의 정도 및 지속 여부는 이후의 전형적인 천식 증상 발생과 관련이 있었다. 이는 학령 전기 기침이형천식 환자들에서 기관지 과민성의 확인이 임상적으로 유용한 정보를 줄 수 있음을 의미한다.
Abstract
Purpose:A significant proportion of patients with cough variant asthma (CVA) eventually develops asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and development of asthma in preschool children with CVA. Methods:We reviewed the medical records of children aged 5 to 7 years who presented with chronic cough and had regular check-up by the school age. All children had methacholine bronchial challenge test (MBCT) at preschool age with a modified auscultation method. The end-point was defined as the appearance of wheezing and/or oxygen desaturation. Positive BHR was defined as end-point concentration (EPC)≤8 mg/mL. MBCT was performed at the school age with spirometric method. Positive BHR was defined as PC20≤8 mg/mL. We collected information on the development of wheezing or dyspnoea from the medical records. Results:Thirty-six children with CVA were analyzed. During follow-up (2.1±0.9 years), 9/36 children developed wheezing or dyspnoea (group A), and 27/36 children did not (group B). EPC (geometric mean, 95% confidence interval) was significantly lower in group A than group B (1.59 mg/mL, 0.93 to 2.70 mg/mL vs. 3.43 mg/mL, 2.34 to 5.03 mg/mL; P=0.02, respectively). The prevalence of positive BHR at school age was significantly higher in group A than group B (77.8% vs. 22.2%, P<0.01). Conclusion:These results suggest that the increase and the persistence of BHR may have an important role in the development of asthma during the course of CVA in preschool children.
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