한국판 해밀턴 우울증평가척도(K-HDRS)의 확인적 요인 분석
The Factor Structure of the Korean Hamilton Depression Rating Scale(K-HDRS):A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
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초록
본 연구는 국내 주요우울증 환자 집단을 대상으로 KHDRS에 확인적 요인 분석을 적용한 최초의 연구로서 의의를 갖는다. 10개의 대안 모형들을 비교해 본 결과, 모든 적합도 기준을 충족시키는 모형은 없었고, Furukawa 등 의 모형(5a) 적합도가 상대적으로는 가장 양호하였다. 또한 모형 5a는 동일 모형에 2차 요인을 설정한 모형(5b)보다 더욱 자료에 부합하였다. 모형 5a의 적합도 향상을 위해 오차 공변량을 추정하여 모형을 일부 수정하였으며, 최종적으로 선택된 모형(5m)은‘무감동/지체’,‘죄책감/초조’,‘신체 증상’,‘불면’,‘식욕’의 5요인으로 구성된다. 비록 경미 한 모형 수정이 있었지만, 북미, 유럽, 일본의 환자 집단 전체를 대상으로 도출한 요인 구조에 본 연구 표본이 부합하고 있다는 점은 K-HDRS로 측정하는 우울증상의 표현에 있어 횡문화적 보편성을 시사한다. 또한 앞으로 임상 및 연구 장면에서 K-HDRS의 총점보다는 하부 척도를 이용한 새로운 채점 방식이 제안되고 검증하는 과정이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 후속 연구에서는 우울증 환자를 다양한 하위 집단으로 구분하여 요인 구조를 확인하고, 보다 엄격한 집단 비교를 위해 국내외 집단에 대한 다중 집단 분석 등이 이루어져야 할 것이다.
Abstract
Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine the factor structure of a Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (K-HDRS), and we did so by performing a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Methods: The data from the 17-item K-HDRS data was obtained from 319 South Koreans who met the DSM-IV Criteria of Major Depressive Disorder. We examined the fit of ten competing models. The CFAs were evaluated in their original first-order structures and in their hierarchically related counterparts. Results: The alternative models obtained unsatisfactory fit indices, although the five-factor intercorrelated model (model 5a) demonstrated a relatively good fit to the data. The model 5a also performed better than its hierarchically related counterpart (model 5b). The Modification Indices (MIs) were used to provide a more satisfactory account of the data. The MIs suggested correlations between the unique variances of items (item 1 & 3, item 10 & 15), and these parameters were added to the model 5a. After introducing minor modifications, the‘final’ model (5m) yielded an improved model fit. Conclusion: This study suggests that the symptoms of depression, as assessed by the K-HDRS, cluster into five factors:anhedonia/retardation, guilt/agitation, bodily symptoms, insomnia and appetite. This study provides evidence for the cross-cultural generalizability of the HDRS, although some refinement of the scale is still required.
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