알레르기 기도염증 및 기도과반응성에서CD8(+) T 세포의 역할
Role of CD8(+) T Cells in Airway Inflammation andHyperresponsiveness
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목 적 : 기관지 천식은 기도의 간헐적 수축, 기도 염증, 기관지 과민성을 특징으로 하는 가역적인 만성 염증성 질환이다. 알레르기 기도염증의 발생에 있어서 CD4(+) T 세포의 역할은 잘 알려져 있는 반면에 CD8(+) T 세포의 알레르기 기도 염증 발병기전에서의 역할에 대해서는 아직도 논란이 되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구자는 생쥐를 이용한 기관지 천식 동물 모형에서 알레르겐 감작에 의하여 발생된 기도 염증과 기도과반응성에서 CD8(+) T 세포의 역할을 규명하고자 본 연구를 시행하였다.방 법 : 실험동물로는 무균 상태의 생후 8-12주된 BALB/c mouse 암컷 생쥐를 사용하였다. 양성대조군은 day 1, 14에 ovalbumin(OVA)과 alum을 복강내 주사하여 감작하였으며 day 24, 25, 26에 1% ovalbumin의 분무 흡입으로 유발하였다. 치료군은 항CD8 항체를 day 14와 day 28의 감작 혹은 유발 2시간 전에 정맥 내 주사하였다. 음성 대조군은 24, 25, 26일에 유발만을 시행하였다. 28일에 체적검사(plethysmography)를 이용하여 비특이적 기도과반응성 검사를 시행하였으며 검사 후 실험동물을 희생시켜 검체를 취하여 각 군에서의 기관지폐포세척액내의 호산구 증가와 사이토카인 생성 그리고 폐조진내 염증세포 침윤의 차이를 분석하였다.결 과 : OVA 감작과 유발을 시행한 양성대조군에서는 메타콜린에 의한 기도과반응성이 관찰되었으나 감작과 유발 전에 항CD8 항체를 투여한 치료군에서는 기도과반응성 발생이 유의하게 억제되었다. 또한 기관지폐포세척액내의 호산구수 증가가 양성대조군에 비해서 치료군에서는 유의하게 억제되었다. 그리고 치료군에서 양성대조군에 비해서 기관지폐포세척액내의 IL-5 농도가 유의하게 감소하였다.결 론:상기의 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 CD8 (+) T 세포는 OVA 감작 및 유발된 생쥐 천식모형에서 기도과반응성의 발생 및 알레르기 기도 염증의 발생에 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 알 수 있었으며 앞으로 CD8(+) T 세포의 조절 기능에 대한 보다 자세한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.
Abstract
Purpose : Allergic asthma is a complex syndrome of reactions within the airways characterized by bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness(AHR). There is an emerging body of knowledge defining the role of CD8(+) T cells in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. The role of CD8(+) T cells in the development of allergic airway disease is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of CD8(+) T cells during the induction of allergen-induced AHR and airway inflammation. Methods : Mice were sensitized to OVA by i.p. injection on day 1, 14 and then challenged by OVA inhalation on days 24, 25, 26. Anti-CD8 antibody was administered to sensitized mice by i.v. injection 2h before second sensitization and first airway challenge. In vivo airway responsiveness was measured by whole body plethysmography(Penh) to inhaled methacholine(MCh) on day 28. Lung eosinophilia, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) cytokine levels were also assessed. Results : Sensitized and challenged mice showed significant airway eosinophilia and heightened responsiveness to methacholine when compared with nonsensitized animals. Administration of anti-CD8 antibody prevented both development of AHR as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid eosinophilia. Anti-CD8 antibody abolished peribronchial and perivascular infiltration of inflammatory cells. Treatment with anti-CD8 antibody also resulted in supression of IL-5 production in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Conclusion : These results indicate that CD8(+) T cell may have a potential role in the development of allergic airway inflammation and development of allergen-induced airway responses.
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