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아빠의 흡연으로 인한 간접흡연이 자녀들의 폐기능과 천식 및 천명성 질환에 미치는 영향

Effects of Paternal Tobacco Smoking on Children's PulmonaryFunction and Prevalence of Asthma and Lifetime Wheezing Episode

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참고문헌

주제분류소아과학

초록

목 적 : 최근 간접흡연에 대한 관심의 증가와 더불어 그 위해성에 대한 인식이 확산되면서 간접흡연이 심각한 공중보건문제로 대두되고 있다. 엄마의 흡연이 자녀의 호흡기 질환이나 폐기능에 미치는 영향에 대해서는 여러 국외 연구에서 일치된 결과를 보이고 있으나 아빠의 흡연과 관련해서는 보고자에 따라 상이한 결과를 제시하고 있어 본 저자들은 국내 흡연자의 대다수를 차지하는 것이 성인 남성임을 감안하여 이번 연구를 통해 아빠의 흡연으로 인한 간접흡연이 소아의 천식 및 천명성 질환의 발생과 폐기능에 미치는 영향을 평가해 보고자 하였다. 방 법 : 서울시 성북구 소재 2개 초등학교에 재학 중인 6세에서 12세사이의 931명(남 : 454명, 여 : 477명)의 학생을 대상으로 대상 학생의 병력 및 가족 내 흡연과 관련된 사전 설문조사를 실시하고, 설문조사 결과를 알지 못하는 2명의 검사자가 대상학교에서 미국 흉부 학회(American Thoracic Society, ATS) 가이드라인에 따라 폐기능 검사를 시행하여 FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75%를 측정한 후 분석에 사용하였다. 결 과 : 임신 중 아빠의 흡연이 이후 자녀들의 천식(OR, 2.1: 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9) 및 천명성 질환(OR, 1.6: 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4)의 발생과 의미 있는 연관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 폐기능과 관련해서는 아빠의 흡연에 현재 노출되고 있는 소아에서 간접흡연이 폐기능의 감소를 초래하는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 FEF25-75%에서 의미 있는 감소(-73 mL±32 mL)를 초래하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 아빠의 흡연량이 많을수록 FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75% 모두에서 폐기능이 감소하는 경향이 관찰되었다. 결 론 : 아빠의 흡연으로 인한 간접흡연이 자녀들의 천식 및 천명성 질환의 발생과 의미 있는 연관이 있는 것으로 나타났으며 폐기능의 감소를 초래하는 것으로 나타나 이들 질환의 예방 및 소아기 호흡기 건강을 위해서는 아빠의 금연을 통해 자녀들이 간접흡연에 노출되는 것을 막는 것이 필요하며, 부모를 대상으로 한 적절한 교육 등 진료현장에서 소아과 의사들의 주도적 역할이 중요할 것으로 사료된다.

Abstract

Purpose : Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is an important worldwide public health issue. Although exposure to maternal smoking has constantly been reported to have a strong association with reduced lung function and adverse respiratory health effect, the effects of paternal smoking have yielded inconstant results. Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study including 931 school-aged children whose mothers were never smokers. Current and past exposure to paternal smoking was assessed by self-administered questionnaire completed by parents or guardians of the students. Standardized pulmonary function tests were performed according to American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines. Standard linear and logistic regression techniques were used to estimate the effects of paternal smoking on lung function and the prevalence of asthma or lifetime wheezing episodes, with adjustment for important confounding factors. Results : Exposure to paternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma (odd ratio [OR], 2.1: 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1 to 3.9) and lifetime wheezing episodes (OR, 1.6: 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.4). However, current and past exposure to paternal smoking except during pregnancy was not associated with asthma and lifetime wheezing episodes. Current exposure to paternal smoking was associated with decreases in lung function parameters, especially in forced mid-expiratory flow rate (FEF25-75%) (-73±32 mL). Past exposure to paternal smoking did not show significant effects on children's lung function. Conclusion : Current exposure to paternal smoking is associated with decreased lung function and exposure to paternal smoking during pregnancy increases the prevalence of asthma and lifetime wheezing episodes in school-aged children.

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