흡연과 주거환경이 초등학생 천명 및 천식 발생에 미치는 영향
Impact of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Home Environment on Asthma and Wheeze in School Children
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초록
목 적:여러 환경적 요인이 천식 발생을 증가시킨다고 보고되고 있어 본 연구에서는 간접흡연과 주거 환경이 천명, 천식 발생에 미치는 영향과 천식의 위험 인자를 알아보고자 하였다. 방법:서울의 한 초등학교 학생 969명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 하였다. 설문 조사에는 천식, 천명의 증상, 간접흡연 노출, 주거환경에 관한 내용이 있었고, 주거환경과 관련된 항목들 중에는 출생 후 1년 이내 새로 지은 집으로 이사한 적이 있는지, 부모님이 향수를 집안에서 사용하는지, 최근 1년 이내 새 가구를 들여놓았는지 등이 포함되어 있다. Logistic regression and Pearson chi statistics를 사용하여 분석하였다. 결과:간접흡연에의 노출은 최근 1년 내 천명, 최근 1년 내 천명으로 잠에서 깨어난 것과 연관성이 있었다. 아버지의 하루 20개피 이상 흡연은 최근 12개월 이내 4회 이상의 천명과 연관이 있었다. 그러나 간접 흡연에 따른 폐기능, 총 IgE 농도, 알러젠 감작, 호산구수는 차이가 없었다. 출생 후 1년 이내 새집으로의 이사는 지금까지의 천식 진단과 연관이 있었고, 집안에서 향수를 사용하는 것과 최근 1년 이내 새가구를 사용하는 것은 최근 12개월 이내 천명 및 천식 치료, 야간 기침과 관련이 있었다. 결론:간접흡연, 출생 후 1년 이내 새집으로 이사, 향수 사용과 새가구 사용은 초등학생에서 천명 및 천식의 위험 요인이다.
Abstract
Purpose:Environmental factors may increase risk for childhood asthma. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure and home environment with the development of wheeze and asthma. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 969 elementary school students. Data included questions about asthma and wheeze symptoms, exposure to tobacco smoke, and home environment including history of moving into a new house within 1 year of age after birth, use of fragrance at home, recent purchase of new furniture. Logistic regression and Pearson chi statistics were used to estimate these associations. Results:ETS exposure was associated with current wheeze and nocturnal sleep disturbance. Paternal smoking over 20 cigarettes per day was associated with 4 or more episodes of wheeze during the past 1 year. However, there were no significant differences in pulmonary function, serum total IgE levels, blood eosinophil counts, and atopy between children with ETS exposure and non- exposure. Moving into a new house within 1 year of birth was associated with current asthma or wheeze. Use of fragrance at home and purchase of new furniture during the past 1 year were associated with current wheeze, current physician-diagnosed asthma, and nocturnal cough. Conclusion:Exposure to ETS, moving into a new house after birth, and indoor fragrance are risk factors for wheeze and asthma in schoolchildren.
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