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한국에서 여성의 고용, 출산 및 성장 간의 상호관련성 : 16개 시도의 패널자료를 이용한 실증분석

Women's Employment, Fertility and Growth in Korea: An Empirical Analysis for 16 Cities and Province

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키워드

주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구는 1998~2009년 기간 우리나라 16개 광역자치단체의 패널자료를 이용해 여성의 고용, 출산 및 성장 간의 내생성을 확인하고, 그 영향의 크기를 추정했다. 이때 출산율 변수로는 합계출산율과 함께 모(母)의 연령별(15~24세, 25~39세 및 40~49세) 출산율을 사용했다. 구체적으로 본 연구는 적절한 시계열 모형(장기관계의 존재 유무에 기초)을 추정한 이후 패널 분산분해와 동태적 OLS(dynamic OLS) 방법을 사용해 우리나라 지역에서 여성의 고용, 출산 및 성장 간의 내생적 연관성을 검토했다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 첫째, 자체 변수의 결정은 자체 변수의 변동에 의해 가장 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 출산율 변동이 여성의 고용 결정에 미친 음(-)의 영향에 비해 여성의 고용 변동이 출산율 결정에 미친 음의 영향이 훨씬 크게 추정됐다(40~49세 모의 출산율은 제외). 셋째, 비록 여성의 고용 변동이 성장의 결정에 양(+)의 영향을 미친 것으로 관측됐지만, 그 영향의 크기는 대단히 낮은 수준이었다. 마지막으로, 성장의 변동이 출산율 결정에 미친 영향은 출산율 변수선택에 따라 상이한데, 특히 성장의 변동이 25~39세 모의 출산율 결정에 비교적 높은 수준인 16.10%의 영향을 미친 것으로 추정됐다.

Abstract

This paper empirically examines the endogeneity among women’s employment, fertility, and growth using 16 regional panel data in Korea over the period of 1997~2009. We use total fertility rate and the maternal age-specific (that is, 15~24, 25~39, and 40~49) fertility rate to denote the fertility rate. Specifically, we estimate an appropriate model based on the existence of long-run relationship, and then analyze the endogeneity among women’s employment, fertility, and growth using the methods of panel variance decomposition and dynamic OLS. On the basis of empirical results, we are able to find several conclusions, summarized as follows. First, the most influential factor is the change in the three variables themselves. Second, the negative impact of the change in women's employment on the determination of fertility is much larger than the reverse impact, except the case of fertility rate in maternal age 40~49. Third, the impact of the change in women's employment on the determination of growth is positive, while the size of influence is a low level. Finally, the impact of the change in growth on the determination of fertility rates depends on the selection of fertility variables. Particularly, in the determination of fertility rate in maternal age 25-39, the effect of the change in growth is about 16.10%, which shows a relatively higher level.

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