부산지역의 무역 및 해외투자 기업의 환노출 추정과 환위험 헷징연구
Foreign Exchange Exposure and Hedging of Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Firms in Busan Area
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1980년대와 1990년대 미국의 달러화와 일본엔화 등에 대해 우리 나라의 원화의 환율이 변동함에 따라 무역업체들은 환노출과 환위험에 직면해 왔지만, 지역의 중소기업들은 환위험에 대한 인식도 미비하고 환위험 관리도 하지 않고 있다. 그리하여 본 연구는 부산지역의 수출과 해외직접투자, 그리고 우리 나라와 미국 그리고 일본 등의 환율 등을 이용하여 수출과 해외직접투자 거래시 환율변동에 의한 헷징유무에 따른 환노출과 환손익을 추정하였다. 본 연구 조사결과 첫째, 부산지역기업들이 환율변동을 예측하지 않고 정태적 기대를 도입하여 현물환으로 수출과 해외직접투자는 상당한 환노출과 환위험에 직면해 왔다. 둘째, 선물환으로 거래를 하면 환노출을 상당히 줄이거나 없앨 수 있었다. 셋째, 지역의 수출기업들이 현물환으로 수출거래를 함으로써 환손익이 발생하였던 많은 기간에서도 환율변동시 선물환으로 수출거래를 함으로써 환손익을 감소시키거나 혹은 환이익을 발생시킬 수 있었다. 그러므로 지역기업들은 이러한 환노출과 환손익을 줄이기 위해서 환위험의 헷징전략을 적극적으로 펼칠 필요가 있다.
Abstract
Since 1980's the Korea's exchange rate has appreciably changed, the trading firms have faced the foreign exchange exposure and risk as the Korea's exchange rate has moved, in particular after the IMF foreign exchange crisis in the end of 1997. This paper examines empirically the foreign exchange exposure and risk of Busan's export using the sample of Busan's monthly export data for the period 1988-2002 and annual foreign direct investment data for period 1980-2002. And then, this paper analyzes the differences of profits and losses which can be generated by hedging strategies whether the trading firms use the hedging strategies such as the forward exchange contract or not. In summary, this paper finds the followings: Firstly, there has been a lot of the foreign exchange exposure of Busan's exports and FDI since 1980's with the transaction of the spot exchange export contracts. Secondly, the foreign exchange exposure of Busan's exports can be decreased with the transaction of the forward export contracts. Thirdly, the profits and losses of Busan's exports are dependent on the hedging strategies such as the forward exchange contract. In many periods the forward exchange contracts may decrease the losses of foreign exchange or increase the profits of foreign exchange.
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