The Rhine River and the Tragedy of the Commons : A Transaction Costs Approach to International River Cooperation
0
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The Rhine River is an international river which is shared by nine riparian countries. In retrospect, the River has often experienced the tragedy of the commons as a result of incompleteness and uncertainty of property rights over the Rhine: the inefficiency of the Rhine transportation, fishery and resource exhaustion, extreme pollution, etc. An efficient or cooperative outcome, Coasian bargaining predicts, is not achievable since each state does not care about the entire Rhine but its own interests. To address such problems, the Rhine riparian states have managed to agree on many international treaties and conventions: Salmon treaty, ICPR, the Chloride and Chemical Conventions, and Rhine Action Programme. They have developed various forms of institutions or regimes. In particular, it is argued that the institutional choice is endogenized and each choice of institutions is primarily explained by two key parameters: transaction costs involving dispute resolutions and opportunity costs resulting from non-cooperative use of the Rhine.
Abstract
The Rhine River is an international river which is shared by nine riparian countries. In retrospect, the River has often experienced the tragedy of the commons as a result of incompleteness and uncertainty of property rights over the Rhine: the inefficiency of the Rhine transportation, fishery and resource exhaustion, extreme pollution, etc. An efficient or cooperative outcome, Coasian bargaining predicts, is not achievable since each state does not care about the entire Rhine but its own interests. To address such problems, the Rhine riparian states have managed to agree on many international treaties and conventions: Salmon treaty, ICPR, the Chloride and Chemical Conventions, and Rhine Action Programme. They have developed various forms of institutions or regimes. In particular, it is argued that the institutional choice is endogenized and each choice of institutions is primarily explained by two key parameters: transaction costs involving dispute resolutions and opportunity costs resulting from non-cooperative use of the Rhine.
참고문헌 (39)
- Conflict and Cooperation in Managing International Water Resources, "Barrett, Scott", World Bank Policy Research, ~ (1994)
- Reducing Pollution of the Rhine River: The Influence of International Cooperation, "Bernauer, Thomas", IIASA, ~ (1996)
- Boos-Hersberger, Astrid, "Transboundary Water Pollution and State Responsibility: The Sandoz Spill", Annual Survey of International & Company Law, 4(1), pp.103~131 (1997)
- "ERI Case Study" (2011)[URL]
- Caponera, Dante A., "The Law of International Water Resources" (1980), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- Cioc, Mark, "The Rhine: an eco-biography, 1815–2000" (2002), University of Washington Press
- Coase, R. H., "The Nature of the Firm", Economica, 4, pp.386~405 (1937)
- Coase, R. H., "The Problem of Social Costs", Journal of Law and Economics, 3, pp.1~44 (1960)
- Dieperink, Carel, "International Regime Development: Lessons from the Rhine Catchment Area", TDRI Quarterly Review, 12(3), pp.27~35 (1997)
- Dieperink, Carel, "International water negotiations under asymmetry, Lessons from the Rhine chlorides dispute settlement, 1931-2004", International Environmental Agreements, 11, pp.139~157 (2011)
- Rhine Case Study, "Frijters, Ine D.", UNESCO, Technical Documents in Hydrology, 17~, pp.PCCP series, NO. 17 (2003)
- Gardner R., "Tolling the Rhine in 1254: Complementary Monopoly Revisited, unpublished manuscript", ~ (2002)
- Gilligan, M. J., "The Transaction Costs Approach to International Institutions" (2010), New York University
- Giordano, M. A., "Sharing Waters: Post-Rio International Water Management", Natural Resources Forum, 27, pp.163~171 (2003)
- Giusti, Celine, "French Current Legal Practice on Land and River Boundaries: the Boundary Straightening agreements", International Symposium on Land and River Boundary Demarcation and Maintenance in Support of Borderland Development (2006)
- Gleditsch, Kristian, "Rivers as International Boundaries", Nordisk Tidsskrift International Ret, 15, pp.15~32 (1952)
- Green Cross, "National sovereignty and international water courses" (2000), Green Cross International
- Hardin, Garrett, "The Tragedy of the Commons", Science, 162, pp.1243~1248 (1968)
- Huisman, P, "Transboundary cooperation in shared river basins: experiences from the Rhine, Meuse and North Sea", Water Policy, 2, pp.83~97 (2000)
- Kay, John, "Robber barons of the Rhine", Financial Times, ~ (2010)
- Keohane, R. O., "The Demand for Regime", International Organization, 36(2), pp.325~355 (1982)
- Kliot, N., "“Institutions for management of transboundary water resources: their nature, characteristics and shortcomings", Water Policy, 3, pp.229~255 (2001)
- 이재우, "Yellow Sand Storms and the Coase Theorem", 경제연구, 28(3), pp.279~313 (2010), 한국경제통상학회
- Lee, Hanna, "A Study on Regional Cooperation in the Management of the Rhine River: A Property Rights Approach", 석사, pp.2011
- Lesaffer, Randall, "The Westphalia peace treaties and the development of the tradition of great European peace settlement prior to 1648", Grotiana, 18, pp.71~95 (1997)
- McCaffrey, Stephen C., "The Law of International Watercourses, Second Edition" (2007), Oxford University Press
- Moellenkamp, S., "The WFD-effect on upstream-downstream relation in international river basins – insights from the Rhine and the Elbe basins", Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 4, pp.1407~1428 (2007)
- Mostert, Erik, "International co-operation on Rhine water quality 1945-2008: An example to follow?", Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 34, pp.142~149 (2009)
- Myint, Tun, "Understanding the 'Problem of Fit' between Institutions and Environment: Lessons from the Governance of Rhine River Basin", presented at the LARS2 Conference - The Second International Symposium on the Management of Large Rivers for Fisheries: Sustaining livelihoods and biodiversity in the new millennium (2003)
- Nollkaemper, A., "The Rhine Action Programme: A Turning-Point in the Protection of the North Sea?", International Journal of Estuarine and Coastal Law, 5, pp.123~138 (1990)
- Ostrom, E., "Revisiting the Commons: Local Lessons, Global Challenges", Science, 284, pp.278~282 (1999)
- Rahaman, Muhammad Mizanurand, "“Integrated water resources management: evolution, prospects and future challenges", Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy, 1, pp.15~21 (2005)
- Salman, "International Water Disputes: A New Breed of Claims, Claimants, and Settlement Institutions", Water International, 31, pp.2~11 (2006)
- Sands, Philippe, "Environmental Protection in the Twenty-first Century: Sustainable Development and International Law", The Global Environment: Institutions Law and Policy, pp.43~63 (2005)
- United Nations, "Legal problems relating to the utilization and use of international rivers - Report by the Secretary-General", Document A, 1974, pp.II(2), ~
- Weber, Urs, "the Miracle of the Rhine", The Unesco Courier, pp.9~12 (2000)
- Williamson, O. E., "Transaction Cost Economics: The Governance of Contractual Relations", Journal of Law and Economics, 22, pp.233~261 (1979)
- Williamson, O. E., "Markets and Hierarchies: Analysis and Antitrust Implications" (1983), Free Press
- Williamson, O. E., "Economic Institutions of Capitalism" (1985), Free Press