지역별 일자리 매칭함수 탄력성 비교
On the Elasticity Comparison of the Regional Job Matching Functions
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초록
본 연구는 지역별 노동시장을 대상으로 일자리 매칭함수의 존재여부를 실증적으로 검토하고 지역별 일자리 매칭함수의 탄력성을 비교분석함으로써 지역 고용시장에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 실증분석결과 첫째, 구인 구직 탄력성의 규모에 대한 수확불변 전제 여부에 따라 안정적인 일자리 매칭함수가 존재하는 지역이 차이가 있었다. 대경권과 충청권, 강원도에서는 항상 안정적인 매칭함수가 존재하는 것으로 나타났고, 동남권의 경우 어떤 경우에도 매칭함수가 안정적으로 존재한다고 할 수 없었다. 둘째, 지역별 일자리 매칭함수의 추정결과 강원도를 제외하고 기업의 구인탄력성이 실업자의 구직탄력성보다 2배 이상 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이는 해당 지역에서 구인기업의 채용이 구직자의 취업보다 훨씬 용이하게 이루어지고 있음을 나타낸다. 이러한 본 연구의 실증분석결과는 지역별 노동시장의 특성이 상이하여 효율적인 일자리 매칭을 위하여 지역맞춤형정책을 수행해야 한다는 것을 시사한다. 정부가 고용률을 제고하기 위해서는 대부분의 지역에서 구인기업 지원정책이 구직자 지원정책보다 유리할 것이다. 한편으로 이는 구직과정의 비효율성이 높다는 것을 반증하는 결과이기도 하여, 실업자들의 취업을 돕기 위해서는 구직과정의 미스매치 해소 정책이 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
This paper is to empirically estimate job matching functions for regional labor markets and provide policy implications with the comparison of matching elasticities. Empirical analysis gives rise to the following results. First, the significance of the estimated elasticities of matches with respect to unemployment and vacancies are dependent not only on the regional labor market but also on the CRS hypothesis. Second, the vacant job has a two times stronger impact than the unemployed on new hires except in Gangwondo. The result implies that regional labor markets have different characteristics so that each needs region specific supporting measures in order to efficiently match job seekers to vacancies. For the government to achieve higher employment rate, supporting firms that have vacant jobs rather than the unemployed would be more effective, On the other hand, the result also implies that governments need to adopt policies that would alleviate job mismatch to improve the efficiency of the job search process.
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