민주주주의, 법치국가, 복지국가의 친화성: 사회보장법에 의회유보(Parlamentsvorbehalt)원칙의 적용과 사회보장제도 발달과의 관계- 한국과 독일비교
Affinity between Democracy, Rule of Law and Welfare State: Application of the Parlamentsvorbehalt to the Social Security Act and its Relation with the Development of the Social Security Programs: Compare Korea and Germany
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초록
한국사회보장법 규율구조의 특징 중의 하나는 국회가 적용범위, 급여수준 및 범위, 보험료, 급여수급조건 등과 같은 사회보장제도의 핵심 사항들에 대한 규율권한을 행정부에 과도하게 위임하는 행태이다. 이런 과도한 위임현상은 의회유보원칙을 따르고 있다고 볼 수 없다. 대한민국헌법이 선언하고 있는 것과 같이 대한민국이 법치국가적 민주주의를 국가운영의 원리로 채택하고 있기 때문에, 국민의 삶에 본질적인 영향을 미치는 사회보장제도의 사항들은 국회가 책임 있게 규율해야 한다. 이것이 의회유보원칙이 요구하는 사항이다. 본 연구에서는 한국과 독일의 사회보장법에서 이 의회유보원칙이 얼마나 구현되어 있는지 분석해 볼 것이다. 아울러 사회보장제도의 발전과 의회유보원칙의 구현과의 관련성을 분석할 것이다.
Abstract
Parlamentsvorbehlat is a legal term which has originated in Germany. The term means that the assembly should regulate for itself anything which influences the life of citizens and is related with the realization of the basic rights. Democracy principle legitimates the legal term. On the one hand, both Korean and German Judicatures have applied Parlamentsvorbehalt to the matters related to the traditional basic rights such as the right of freedom and the right to own property. On the other hand, only the German Judicature has applied it to the matters related to the social rights. The German Constitution(Grundgesetz) abstractly guarantees the social rights,proclaiming that Germany is a Sozialstaat. Then the German Assembly is to realize the social rights with formulating the German Social Security Acts. It regulates for itself the Acts which influence the life of citizens. It means that Parlamentsvorbehalt is realized in the German Social Security Acts by the German Assembly. Contrary to Germany, Korea concretely declares the social rights in the Korean Constitution. However, the Korean Assembly does not realize for itself the social rights with formulating the social security acts. It only delegates the right to regulate the Acts to the executive. This delegation type violates Democracy principle. The Korean Assembly should control for itself the essential matters of the social security acts related to the social rights. There is another reason why the assembly should regulate for itself the social security acts. When the articles are discussed in the assembly, each party employs those debates as political chances to gain voters. Consequently, it results in the development of the social security programs.
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