영국, 독일, 스웨덴의 연금제도는 수렴하고 있는가? 급여 적절성과 재정적 지속가능성을 중심으로
Are Pension Systems between the UK, Germany and Sweden Converging? Focusing on Benefit Adequacy and Financial Sustainability
1
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구는 서구 국가들이 최근의 연금개혁을 통해서 전통적인 베버리지형 연금체제와 비스마르크형 연금체제 구분에서 벗어나 재정적 지속가능성과 적절성 측면에서 유사해지고 있는지를 영국, 독일, 스웨덴의 비교를 통해 살펴본다. 지난 20여 년간의 연금개혁을 통해서 베버리지형과 비스마르크형 연금체제의 격차는 줄어들 것으로 보이며, 특히 급여의 적절성 기준으로 세 국가의 연금제도가수렴하고 있는 경향이 발견된다. 재정적 지속가능성의 경우에는 세 국가의 공적연금 지출 수준이 수렴하고 있다고 단정할 수는 없으나, 10여 년 전의 추계에 비해서 향후 지출 수준의 차이는 크게 줄어들었으며, 각 국의 인구고령화 정도의 차이를 고려하는 경우 재정적 지속가능성 측면에서도 수렴 경향이 발견된다. 이 연구는 우리나라 연금 논의에서도 재정적 지속가능성과 적절성에 대한 소모적 논쟁 대신, 선진국에서 수렴하고 있는 지출과 소득대체율 범위에서 재정적 지속가능성과 적절성 사이의 합의가 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
This paper examines whether the pension systems of the western countries which was traditionally classified into the Beveridgean and Bismarckian pension regime will converge after recent pension reforms in the financial sustainability and adequacy perspective by comparing between UK, Germany and Sweden. As a result of pension reforms for the last 20 years, the gap between the Beveridgean and Bismarckian pension regime will be likely to decrease and, in particular, the tendency to convergency in adequacy is found. Even though it is not jumped to a conclusion that public pension expenditure between the three countries is likely to converge, the tendency to convergency in financial sustainability is also found if the difference of demographic aging between countries is considered. The paper suggests that it is necessary to make agreement between the range of pension expenditure and replacement ratio that western countries suggest in pension debate in Korea, instead of hitherto useless controversy between financial sustainability and adequacy.
참고문헌 (46)
- OECD 주요국의 공적연금제도와 개혁동향, "국민연금연구원", 국민연금연구원, ~ (2010)
- 국민연금연구원, "해외 공･사 연금제도", 국민연금연구원, ~ (2012)
- 국민연금공단, "실록 국민의 연금", 국민연금공단, ~ (2015)
- OECD 주요 국가들의 연금개혁의 효과성 연구, "권혁창", 국민연금연구원, ~ (2013)
- 주요 복지국가의 다층노후소득보장체계의 변화와 우리나라의 공․사연금제도 발전방안, "김원섭", 국민연금연구원, ~ (2006)
- 김원섭, "최근 독일 연금개혁과 복지국가의 발전에 관한 연구", 사회보장연구, 23(2), pp.161~188 (2007), 한국사회보장학회
- 백인립, "유럽 노령연금제도 변화의 차이점과 공통점에 관한 연구-영국, 스웨덴, 독일의 개혁을 중심으로", 사회보장연구, 26(3), pp.99~138 (2010), 한국사회보장학회
- 이정우, "독일의 노후기초보장제도와 정책적 시사점", 한국사회정책, 21(1), pp.105~142 (2014), 한국사회정책학회
- 정창률, "연금 체제(Pension regime) 측면에서 본 한국 노후 소득보장 체계 -갈림길에 선 한국 연금 체계-", 한국사회복지학, 62(2), pp.329~348 (2010), 한국사회복지학회
- Anderson, M., "The handbook of west European pension politics" (2007), Oxford University Press
- Bonoli, G., "Two worlds of pension reform in Western Europe", Comparative Politics, 35(4), pp.399~416 (2003)
- Bonoli, G., "Governance of welfare state reform" (2009), Edward Elgar
- Bonoli, G., "Reforming the Bismarckian welfare system" (2008), Blackwell Publishing
- How an unfunded pension system looks like defined benefits but works like defined contributions: The German pension reform, "Börsch-Supan, A.", ~ (2007)
- Bridgen, P., "The varieties of pension governance" (2011), Oxford University Press
- Clark, L., "European Pension & Global Finance" (2003), Oxford University Press
- Clasen, J., "Converging worlds of welfare? British and German social policy in the 21st century" (2011), Oxford University Press
- Can path dependence explain institutional change? Two approaches applied to welfare state reform, "Ebbinghaus, B.", MPIfG, ~ (2005)
- Ebbinghaus, B., "The variety of pension governance: Pension privatization in Europe" (2011), Oxford University Press
- Fiscal Sustainability Report, "EC", EC, ~ (2012)
- Report on Public Finances in EMU, "EC", EC, ~ (2013)
- The 2015 Ageing Report, "EC", EC, ~ (2015)
- Esping-Andersen, G., "Three worlds of welfare capitalism" (1990), Policy Press
- Pension adequacy in the European Union 2010-2050, in Report prepared jointly by the Directorate-General for Employment, "EU", Social Affairs and Inclusion of the European Commission and the Social Protection Committee, ~ (2012)
- Grech, G., "Convergence or divergence? How the financial crisis affected European pensioners", International Social Security Review, 68(2), pp.43~62 (2015)
- Grech, G., "The social sustainability of pension of Europe" (2015), Scholars’ Press
- Hering, M., "The politics of structural pension reform in Western Europe: does the EU matter?", Paper presented at the Fifteenth international conference of the Council for European Studies (2006)
- Hinrichs, K., "The politics of age" (2008), Peter Lang
- Old-age income support in the twenty-first century, "Holzmann, R.", World Bank, ~ (2005)
- Leisering, L., "The new regulatory state" (2011), Palgrave Macmillan
- Mattil, B., "Pension system: Sustainability and distributional effects in Germany and the United Kingdom" (2006), Springer
- Meyer, T., "Converging worlds of welfare? Britain and Germany social policy in the 21st century" (2011), Oxford University Press
- Myles, J., "The new politics of the welfare state" (2001), Oxford University Press
- OECD, "Pensions at a glance", OECD, ~ (2009)
- OECD, "Pensions at a glance", OECD, ~ (2011)
- OECD, "Pensions at a glance", OECD, ~ (2015)
- Palmer, E., "Social security pension reform in Europe" (2002), The University of Chicago Press
- Pemberton, H., "Britains’s Pension Crisis" (2006), Oxford University Press
- Implementing an integrated package of pension reforms: The Final Report of the Pensions Commission, "Pensions Commission", The Stationery Office, ~ (2006)
- Schmitt, C, "Explaining convergence of OECD welfare states: A conditional approach", Journal of European Social Policy, 21(2), pp.120~135 (2011)
- Starke, P, "Convergence towards where: In what ways, if any, are welfare states becoming more similar", Journal of European Public Policy, 15(7), pp.975~1000 (2008)
- The new single-tier state pension, "Thurley, D.", House of Commons Library, ~, pp.Briefing Paper. SN06525 (2015)
- Walker, A, "Caught between virtue and ideological necessity: a century of pension policies in the UK", Review of Political Economy, 18(3), pp.427~448 (2006)
- How poor are the old? A survey of evidence from 44 countries, "Whitehouse, E.", World Bank, ~, pp.Social Protection Discussion Paper. No. 17 (2000)
- Two Decades of Pension Reform: What has been Achieved and What Remains to be done?, "Whitehouse, E.", 515~535, pp.The Geneva Papers. 34 (2009)
- Social security privatization: Lesson from the United Kingdom, "Williamson, B.", Center for Retirement Research at Boston College, ~ (2000)