한인 이민자 귀환이민 의향 결정요인: 호주 한인 사례
Determinants of Return Migration Intention: The Case of Korean Australians
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귀환이민은 최근 한인들의 국제 인구이동에서 학문적 주목을 받고 있는 현상이다. 본 연구는 한인 이민자들의 귀환이민에 대한 경험적인 연구로서, 귀환이민 예측요인에 대한 지식 기반을 구축하는 것을 일차적인 목표로 한다. 국내 연구에서는 유례없는 양적 연구로 설계되었으며, 호주 한인들의 사례를 이용했다. 기존에 분석방법으로 주로 이용되어 온 이항 분석모델의 단점을 보완하기 위해 귀향이민 의향 척도를 사용하고, 선형회귀분석을 실시했다. 독립변수들은 경제적 요인, 이민국 적응 요인, 그리고 개인의 생애주기 요인 등으로 구성했다. 호주 한인 사례를 통해 획득한 귀환 욕구 및 의향, 귀환 촉진 및 억제 요인에 대한 통찰이 한인 이민자 또는 더 나아가 비한인 이민자 일반에도 적용될 수 있을지 후속연구의 필요성을 촉발하고 있다. 본 연구는 이민자들의 귀환 의향에 차별과 사회보장제도 등의 구조적 요인이 작용한다는 점을 확인함으로써 이민자 지원 체계 및 다문화 정책에 시사점을 제공하고 있다.
Abstract
Return migration, as an emerging trend of international population movement of Koreans, has recently attracted scholarly attentions. This is an empirical study of Korean emigrants, of which the primary aim is to establish a knowledge base of who has a (higher) desire to return. This study unprecedentedly adopted a quantitative research design, involving Korean Australians. While most of past studies utilised a binary analysis model, which was considered as having a limitation in reflecting the continuity of the concept of intention, this study implemented a linear regression analysis. Independent variables were constructed as economic, adaptation, and personal life cycle categories. The insights obtained by this study trigger the necessity for follow-up studies, which would test the applicability of the findings to other Korean migrants and further to non-Korean migrants in general. The findings of this study revealed the importance of structural factors including the experience of discrimination and the social security system in return migration intention, which would enable informed policy making for migrants.
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