결혼의 성별 임금효과 분석: 30대 초반 기혼 근로자를 중심으로
An Empirical Analysis on the Gender-specific Wage Effects of Marriage: Focused on Workers in Early Thirties in Korea
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본 연구는 국내 노동시장에서 결혼이 임금에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 결혼의 임금효과를 추정함에있어서 기존의 관련 연구가 혼인 의사 결정을 외생적으로 간주하여 결혼 전후 임금수준의 변화에집중한 반면, 본 연구에서는 결혼 성향과 노동생산성 사이에 존재할 수 있는 상관관계를 명시적으로통제하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 결혼확률이 노동시장 참여 및 임금수준과 동시에 내생적으로 결정되는모형을 고려하였다. 한국교육고용패널 자료를 사용하여 최우추정법으로 모형을 추정한 결과, 남성근로자 집단에서 결혼의 임금프리미엄은 통계적으로 유의하지 않은 반면, 여성근로자 집단에서는26.5~31.4%에 이르는 통계적으로 유의한 임금감소가 발견되었다. 이 같은 결과는 결혼의 임금효과가성별에 따라 비대칭적이며 노동시장 내 기혼의 여성근로자에 대한 구조적 차별의 존재 가능성을내포한다는 점에서 정책적 시사점을 갖는다.
Abstract
This paper studies the wage effects of marriage in the Korean labor market. Unlike the previous studies that have considered marriage as an exogenous variable in the wage equation, thereby focusing on changes in the wage level before and after marriage, we aim to explicitly control for any unobserved correlation between marriage propensity and labor productivity. To this end, we construct and estimate a model in which marital status is endogenously determined along with labor market participation and the wage level. The maximum likelihood estimation results from the Korean Education & Employment Panel show that, while the male wage premium is not statistically significant, marriage is associated with a wage reduction of 26 to 31 per cent among the female workers. The gender asymmetry in the wage effects of marriage implies the possibility of structural discrimination against married females in the labor market.
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