한말 경남지역 근대교육의 보급과 확산

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the aspects of the dissemination and the spread of Korean modern education by inquiring into cases about the establishment and the administration of schools in Kyeongnam Province during the period of Korean Empire. Through this study we could confirm the aspects that the modern education carried out in the national dimension disseminated and spreaded into local unit. Before the Ulsa Treat (Protectorate Treaty between Korea and Japan concluded in 1905), though the public primary schools were established in Jinju, Changwon, Milyang, Gimhae, Dograe etc., they did not administrate properly. This situation showed the strong aspect of ethnic resistance to the modern education forced by the Japanese Empire. In this period, the private schools were established only in Jinju, Gimhae, Milyang, Geochang, Gijang etc.,The private schools were well-received comparing to the public schools bad-received by the local residents. There were many cases that local government officer of the province played a leading role in the establishment of school, but the schools established already were administrated by the active assistance of the local government officer. Although the schools received the financial assistance of the local worthies including even Japanese worthies, the administration of school could not activate by the difficulty of finance guarantee. Most of these schools were inverted into public schools after establishment. Also, the influence of Japan was expanded directly in this period. For example, there were various types such as school establishment by Japanese, school administration by Japanese teachers, invitation of Japanese teachers, the sponsorship of school administration by Japanese residents in local area etc. And Japanese language became the important subject in school, also Japanese education had flourished by establishment of night school etc. After the Ulsa Treat many of schools were established, most of them were private schools. The private schools established and maldistributed before were all over the Kyeongnam area. In the early years when private schools established, the Residency-General did not restrict the establishment of private school because the schools would be helpful in the expectation of pro-Japanese and the appeasement of anti-Japanese tendency. By the way, many of the private schools were established by the self-wealth & self-strength movement to overcome the crisis situation such as the dethronement of King Gojong and the dispersion of Chosun dynasty army. So, Residency-General searched the justification and the system to control these situation, also proclaimed the private school statute and restricted the private schools. By these measures, most of dissemination aspect of modern education appeared as pro-Japanese tendency rather than anti-Japanese tendency.