칭찬에 관한 간학문적 연구: 공자의 사상과 교육심리학 연구의 비교
An Interdisciplinary Approach to Praise: Integration of Confucian theory and Educational Psychology
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본 연구는 공자의 칭찬론과 칭찬에 관한 교육심리학 연구의 성과를 간학문적으로 비교하면서 칭찬을 어떻게 하고 받아들여야 하는지를 확인하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 이를 위해 공자의 칭찬론을 드러내는 문구를『논어』및 관련 문헌에서 찾아 현대교육심리학 연구를 통해 밝혀진 결과들과 비교하면서 논의하였다. 본 연구를 통해 살펴본 바에 따르면, 공자의 칭찬론은 칭찬하는 사람의 자세와 칭찬받는 사람의 자세로 나누어진다. 칭찬하는 사람의 자세에는 ‘진실하게 칭찬한다’, ‘능력보다 품성을 칭찬한다’, ‘차별 없이 칭찬한다’가 포함된다. 이런 공자의 견해는 교육심리학적 연구를 통해 증명되고 있다. 칭찬받는 사람의 자세에는 ‘칭찬의 의도를 파악한다’, ‘인정받고 싶으면 노력한다’, ‘말보다 실천한다’가 해당된다. 공자는 칭찬하는 사람의 자세 뿐 아니라 칭찬받는 사람의 자세를 함께 강조했지만, 교육심리학자들은 칭찬받는 사람의 자세에 대해서는 여전히 소홀히 다루고 있다. 칭찬받는 사람의 자세에 관한 공자의 생각은 교육심리학자들에게 새로운 연구 문제를 제공할 것이다.
Abstract
This study aimed to identify how to praise and how to react to praise by adopting interdisciplinary approach between Confucian theory of praising and educational psychological findings. To achieve these goals we first found Confucius’ sayings which are related to praise from his『Analects 論語』, secondly compared the meanings of those sayings with the findings fo educational psychologists. This research found that Confucius’s theory on praise can be divided into two topics: the attitudes of praisers and praisees. According to Confucius, the praiser must praise others ‘sincerely,’ ‘character rather than ability,’ and ‘without discrimination.’ These ideas are supported with the findings of educational psychologists. The praisee, according to Confucius, had better ‘grasp the intentions of praiser,’ ‘try to do best to get recognition,’ and ‘become a doer rather than a talker.’ An important finding is that Confucius focused on the praisee’s attitudes, but modern educational psychologists have paid little attention on them. We can conclude that educational psychologists might adopt Confucius’s ideas on their research on how to receive praise.
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