일본 농업단체재편성과 농촌？농업에 대한 이익유도정책의 형성

Abstract

This study is to analyze the formation of distributive politics to the agricultural-rural sector focusing on the rivalry and competition of agricultural organizations such as agricultural cooperatives, agricultural committees, etc. and their relationships with the ruling party from 1951 to 1956 in Japan. Politically independent agricultural cooperatives, much less strongly tied to state purposes than the traditional agricultural associations(nkai) they succeeded, began to proliferate rapidly, following passage of the Agricultural Cooperative Law of 1947. General Headquarters were adamant that these cooperatives organize and run themselves without government intervention, strengthening the pluralist, democratic orientation of the countryside. But in the absence of strong public financial support, the cooperatives remained economically vulnerable, compounding uncertainty and flux in the japanese farming village. Seventy percentage of new agricultural cooperatives were operating at a deficit during 1949, despite their monopoly on rice collections. But Japanese government and the ruling conservative party intervened in the internal affairs of the agricultural cooperatives on the pretext of managerial crisis, attempted to reorganize agricultural groups into a firm foothold of the conservative party in office by strengthening governmental agricultural committees in place of enfeebling agricultural cooperatives. By exclusively organizing economic activities of farmers and concentrating their economic and political power at national apex organization, the agricultural cooperatives drove back the reorganizing scheme, support the conservative party in power on the condition of budgetary allocation to the agricultural-rural sector.