일본농협의 정치구조 변화와 정권교체
Structural Change of Agricultural Cooperatives and the Political Power Shift in Japan
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This paper analyzes a linkage between the political power shift in Japan and the collapse of so-called “iron triangle in agriculture and rural sector”, an informal self-reinforcing power structure tying LDP (Liberal Democratic Party), MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), and JA (Japan Agricultural Cooperatives). The pork barrels, once a distinct nature of Japanese agricultural policy-making and implementation process during the long-term LDP government, were gone thanks to several cuts of agricultural budget and thereby heavy subsides for agriculture and rural sector which used to be blamed as the main culprit of accumulated government budget deficits of the country. It resulted in the disintegration of stake-holders in agriculture and rural sector as the traditional power base of LDP as well as the weakening and structural change of JA. It seems ironic that the various, albeit limited, attempts of the LDP-MAFF-JA coalition for structural reforms of the agricultural sector had caused the collapse of the very iron triangle. In contrast, the agricultural policy of the Democratic Party of Japan(DPJ) centering on 'direct income subsidies' was well received by the farmers and rural community, which finally made the political power shift possible in Japan from LDP to DPJ government.
Abstract
This paper analyzes a linkage between the political power shift in Japan and the collapse of so-called “iron triangle in agriculture and rural sector”, an informal self-reinforcing power structure tying LDP (Liberal Democratic Party), MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries), and JA (Japan Agricultural Cooperatives). The pork barrels, once a distinct nature of Japanese agricultural policy-making and implementation process during the long-term LDP government, were gone thanks to several cuts of agricultural budget and thereby heavy subsides for agriculture and rural sector which used to be blamed as the main culprit of accumulated government budget deficits of the country. It resulted in the disintegration of stake-holders in agriculture and rural sector as the traditional power base of LDP as well as the weakening and structural change of JA. It seems ironic that the various, albeit limited, attempts of the LDP-MAFF-JA coalition for structural reforms of the agricultural sector had caused the collapse of the very iron triangle. In contrast, the agricultural policy of the Democratic Party of Japan(DPJ) centering on 'direct income subsidies' was well received by the farmers and rural community, which finally made the political power shift possible in Japan from LDP to DPJ government.
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