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비판적 사고의 기본 원리, 성격, 그리고 대안적 이론에 대한 인식론적 재고찰

Epistemological Review of the Basic Principles, Characteristics, and Alternative Theories of Critical Thinking

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한국교육사상학회 (The Korean Association of Educational Ideas)|2018.05|교육사상연구 (The Korean Journal of Educational Ideas)|제32권 제2호|pp. 55-84|DOI 10.17283/jkedi.2018.32.2.55

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참고문헌

키워드

상위인지cognitive competence비판적 사고인지적 능력scientific thinkingcritical thinkingsystems thinking과학적 사고시스템적 사고정서적 성향기술적 수행affectional dispositionperformative skillmetacognitive thinking
주제분류교육학

초록

본고는 비판적 사고의 인식론적 기반에 대한 재고찰을 통해 비판적 사고에 대한 이해와 연구의 폭을 넓히려는 목적으로 작성되었다. 이를 위해 본고는 지금까지 이루어진 비판적 사고에 대한 이론들 및 연구결과들에 대한 메타분석을 바탕으로, 비판적 사고의 원리와 성격을 분석하고, 비판적 사고에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히기 위한 어떤 대안 이론적 접근들이 있는지 논의하고자 하였다. 본고의 구체적인 논점들은 다음과 같다: 첫째, 비판적 사고의 핵심 원리로 간주되는 이성적 사고의 본질이 무엇인지 밝히고, 비판적 사고에 대한 네 가지 대조적 관점들에 대해 분석하였다. 둘째, 비판적 사고에 대한 기존 학자들의 정의와 그 정의들이 토대한 세 가지 이론적 입장들-이성적 능력론, 기술적 수행론, 정서적 성향론-이 갖는 인식론적 문제점을 비판적으로 논의하였다. 셋째, 비판적 사고에 대한 이해의 폭을 넓히기 위한 세 가지 대안적 관점들-상위인지적 사고로서의 접근, 과학적 사고로서의 접근, 그리고 시스템적 사고로서의 접근-을 소개함으로써 비판적 사고에 대한 새로운 연구의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 본고의 논의는 비판적 사고의 본질과 성격, 그리고 기존의 이론적 관점들에 대한 이해를 넓히고, 향후 비판적 사고의 연구를 위한 인식론적 지평을 확장하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

Abstract

This paper aims to critically reevaluate the basic principles, characteristics, and theoretical approaches of critical thinking. To do this, based on the meta-analysis of previous theories and research findings on critical thinking, this paper discussed the theoretical foundations on and epistemological underpinnings of the notion, critical thinking. The three major points of discussions are as follow: First, this paper revisited the nature of reasoning(or reasonable thinking) as considered the kernel of critical thinking and analyzed it in terms of four contrasting perspectives on critical thinking; Second, this paper analyzed eighteen representative definitions of critical thinking and categorized them into three theoretical approaches to critical thinking-i.e, cognitive competence, behavioral performance, and affectional disposition-to review them critically; Third, this paper also provided three alternative approaches as for the new theories of critical thinking-i.e, meta-cognitive thinking, scientific thinking, and systems thinking. The discussion of this paper could broaden academic understanding on critical thinking and suggest more integrative ideas for the directions of future research

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