청소년의 우울 감소를 위한 게슈탈트 집단예술치료의 효과와 참가자가 지각하는 도움 경험
The Study on the Effects of Gestalt Group Art Therapy to Reduce Teenage Depression and the Helpful Experience to the Participants
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초록
본 연구의 목적은 청소년의 우울을 감소시킬 수 있는 게슈탈트 집단예술치료 프로그램의 효과를 검증하고, 참가자들이 지각하는 도움 경험을 분석하는 데에 있다. 이러한 목적을 위해 개발된 게슈탈트 집단예술치료 프로그램은 반구조화 되었으며, 매회기 2시간 30분 동안 12회 진행되었다. 연구 대상은 프로그램에 자발적으로 참가하기를 희망하는 인문계 여자고등학생 중 우울증상이 높은 44명이었다. 효과 분석을 위해 참가자들은 처치-통제집단에 무선 할당되었다. 프로그램 시작 전과 후 우울 정도에 대한 검사를 실시하고, 반복측정 분산분석을 실시하였다. 게슈탈트 집단예술치료 각 회기에서 참가자들이 지각하는 도움 경험에 대해 질문지 면접 및 대면 면접을 통해 자료를 수집하고, 합의적 질적 연구방법(Consensual qualitative research)을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 실험집단의 우울증상은 통제집단과 비교했을 때 프로그램 후에 통계적으로 유의미하게 감소되었다. 각 회기 중에 내담자가 지각하는 도움 경험은 집단발달단계에 따라 집단의 초기, 중기, 말기에 종속적인 도움 경험과 집단발단단계에 종속되지 않은 독립적인 도움 경험을 발견할 수 있었다. 이 도움 경험을 다시 4가지 초점, 즉 ‘표현’, ‘타인과의 접촉’, ‘문제’, ‘자기지각’ 으로 범주화하였다. 참가자들이 주관적으로 지각하는 도움 경험 범주 중 가장 빈번하게 나타난 것은 ‘자기지각’이었으며, 가장 빈번하게 나타난 단일 도움 경험은 ‘정서적 표현’이었다.
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to verify the effects of Gestalt Group Art Therapy that reduces teenage depression and to analyze the helpful experience for the participants. To complete this objective, the Gestalt Group Art Theory was semi-structured and was performed 12 times, 2 hours and 30 minutes each. The subjects for the study were 44 academic highschool girls with severe degrees of depression, chosen from other volunteers. Disposal-control group test design was used to analyze the effect. Based on the symptoms of depression shown before and after the experiment, repeated measures analysis ANOVA was applied. Then, the data was gathered from surveys and interviews with participants in each session, and was analyzed through consensual qualitative research. In consequence, depression symptoms diminished before and after the experiment. In each session, the helpful experiences to the interviewer was discovered: the early, the middle, and the last stages according to group development stages, and a separate helpful effect. These helpful experiences were again classified into four points; 'expression', 'contacts with others', 'problem', and 'self-awareness.' The most commonly appeared helpful experience that the participants subjectively perceived was 'self-awareness', and most common single helpful experience was 'emotional expression.'
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