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중소 제조업의 기술개발 영향요인과 개발성과 간의인과경로 : 기술개발 단계별 분석

Factors Influencing Technology Development and Causal Relationship between Technology Development and Firm Performance of Small and Medium Korean Manufacturing Firms

김건식
한국중소기업학회|2013.12|중소기업연구|제35권 제4호|pp. 25-56

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참고문헌

키워드

신제품개발SME위계선형모형중소 제조업GLMMOT일반화선형모형기술개발단계기술경영활동Technological DevelopmentNew Product Development Stages
주제분류경영학

초록

중소기업의 기술개발에 영향을 미치는 요인들과 기술개발 성과 간의 관계에 관한 기존의 연구는 기업이 선택할 수 있는 기술경영활동에 관련된변수들과 정부의 지원정책들을 동시에 고려하지 않고 많은 경우 투입-산출의 단순한모형을 기반으로 특정한 변수의 영향을 분석하고 있다. 또한 기술개발의 단계별로 영향요인들의 역할과 효과가 다르지만 단계별로 영향요인들의 효과 차이를 분석한 연구는매우 드물다. 본 연구는 중소 제조업의 기술개발 단계별로 기술개발의 성과에 영향을 미치는 요인들을검증하였다. 중소기업기술통계조사의 원자료를 이용하여 2734개의 표본을 분석한 결과첫째, 기술개발의 시도가 늘어나면 개발에 성공한 과제의 수가 증가하고, 기술개발에성공한 과제가 늘어나면 제품의 상업화에 성공한 건수가 늘어나며, 제품화에 성공한 과제가많을수록 기술개발에 의한 매출의 비중이 증가하는 인과적인 연결고리를 실증하였다. 둘째, 기술전략의 혁신성, 기술개발과제의 수행기간, 기술개발의 조직구조 등의 영향요인들은기술개발의 전체 과정에서 대체로 일관되게 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있음을 실증하였다. 셋째, 공동 또는 위탁 형태의 기술개발 및 기업 외부의 기술 도입은 기술개발 및 제품화의성공, 매출 비중의 증가와 같은 기술개발성과에 모두 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 못함을확인하였다. 넷째, 기술개발비 중에서 정부의 투․융자 및 보조금이 차지하는 비중은기술개발의 시도 건수에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 경향이 있으며, 세제지원, 판로지원,인력양성 및 채용 지원, 기술정보 제공과 같은 지원제도의 활용경험도 기술개발의 성과에긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않음을 확인하였다.

Abstract

In previous studies on the relationship between the outcome of technological development and the factors that influence the technological development of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), it has not been taken into account government support policies and variables related to technology management activities at the same time. In many cases of the existing research, only the impact of a particular variable has been analyzed on the basis of a simple input-output model. Moreover, the different role and effect of influencing factors in the life cycle stages of technology development have rarely been studied. This study has established two sets of hypothesis to find critical factors determining new product development success and causal path from technology development ideas to commercial launches and sales contributions. One set has theorized that the factors from both management of technology activities and government support policies simultaneously influence on the technology development performance throughout technology development stages. The other set of hypothesis has argued that the number of technological development projects for new product has a positive relationship with the number of successfully developed technology, and the number of successfully developed technology influence the number of successfully commercialized product and increased sales volume from new product along the new product development stages. With the technology development survey data from Korea federation of small and medium business, this study has applied generalized linear model (GLM) due to highly skewed and dispersed data characteristics, and Hierarchical linear model (HLM)to control industry-specific heterogeneous nature. With the technology development survey data from Korea federation of small and medium business, this study has applied generalized linear model (GLM) due to highly skewed and dispersed data characteristics, and Hierarchical linear model (HLM)to control industry-specific heterogeneous nature. The main findings are summarized as follows. First, this study confirmed the causal links that the number of development projects initiated increase the number of technologically successful development projects, and the number of technologically successful development projects affects the number of commercially successful development projects, and the number of commercially successful development projects are associated with the ratio of sales volume by newly developed products or improved products. Second, factors including degree of innovativeness of technology strategy, relative period of technology development, and formal organizational structure for technology development have all positive impacts on innovation performance consistently throughout the process of technology development. Third, the degree and experience of technology acquisition and collaborative development have affected neither the success of technological developments, nor the success of commercialization and increased sales by new and improved product. The proportion of subsidies and government investment in R&D expenditure of SMEs tend to give an overall negative impact on technology development life cycle performance. Finally, Government support policy such as tax credit, public procurement support, human resource development support, and provision of technical information were all have not positive impacts on the technological development performance.

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