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신생벤처의 지식기반 성장과 기업가적 여정: 조직학습의 지식 적합성과 내적 추동력의 근거

Knowledge-based Growth and Entrepreneurial Journey of New Ventures: Evidence of Knowledge Fit of Organizational Learning and Internal Driving Force

배종태|차민석
한국중소기업학회|2017.03|중소기업연구|제39권 제1호|pp. 89-121

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참고문헌

키워드

조직학습Organizational LearningEntrepreneurial IntentNew Venture신생벤처지식기반 성장모델지식 적합성기업가적 여정내적 추동력기업가적 의지Knowledge-based Growth ModelKnowledge FitEntrepreneurial JourneyInternal Driving Force
주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구에서는 지식기반 성장모델을 바탕으로 신생벤처의 성장을 문제인식, 조직학습, 문제해결의 반복적 과정이라고 보았다. 성장단계별로 순차적인 당면문제를 인식하고 해결하는 기존의 모델을 포함하며, 보다 상황적인 문제해결의 조직학습과 불확실한 사건에 대응하는 기업가적 여정을 제시하고 실증적 근거를 확보하고자 하였다. 단계적으로 등장할 뿐 아니라, 수시로 등장하여 발현하는 다양한 성장문제(growth problem)에 대한 문제인식과 인재채용을 통한 조직학습이 상호부합하는 해결 가능성을 내포하는 지식 적합성(knowledge fit)이 신생벤처의 성장에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상한다: 당면한 문제인식의 수준과 조직학습의 수준이 모두 적절하게 높을 때 성장을 견인할 수 있다. 이는 기존의 지식기반 성장모델에서 제안한 RLR(Recognition-Learning-Resolution) 과정을 통한 당면문제의 해결 메커니즘을 보다 일반화한 모델이론(model theory)으로 세밀화(elaboration)하고 검증 가능하도록 가설로 수립하고 있다. 순차적이거나 동시적인 성장문제의 인식, 적합한 조직학습, 문제해결로 구성된 지식기반 모델과 상호보완적인 기업가적 여정(Entrepreneurial Journey)의 관점을 통합하였다. 기업가적 여정은 신생벤처의 성장과정의 불확실성을 강조한 것으로 위험하고 불확실한 상황들과 불리한 여건을 제약된 자원으로 즉흥적으로 해결해야만 하는 발현적 과정(emergent process)에서 경쟁과 같은 외적 압력(external forces)을 견디고 극복하는 성장현상은 내부 추동력(internal driving force)을 가늠하게 한다. 성취동기와 성장비전이 모두 높을 때 기업가적 의지로 작용하여 성장을 추동한다고 예상하였다. 국내 벤처기업 설문조사를 통해서 1,119개의 표본에 대한 종단적 통계분석을 수행하였다. 신생벤처의 지식기반 성장이론을 진전시켰으며, 인재채용 등의 실무적 시사점을 도출하였다. 기업가정신 분야의 연구방안에 대해서도 논의하였다.

Abstract

New venture growth is the process of problem recognition, organizational learning, and problem resolution. There have been many researches on the sequential process of new venture growth. This study aims to expand the understanding into more situational and uncertain context of entrepreneurial process. It is the overcoming of restrained resource by organizational learning and internal driving process to recognize and realize new business opportunity. New venture learns new knowledge to solve the emerging problems in the context. The knowledge fit seems crucial when the learning addresses the problems at hand. Moreover, entrepreneurs have to stand against all odds including market forces like competition and disruptive innovation. Some of them have higher level of the achievement needs without audacious vision so that they might wander around and exhaust time and energy fruitlessly. Some of them have a vaguely stated vision without high level of drive. To realize the business opportunity along the emergent process, there seems to be the internal driving force, that is, entrepreneurial intent or volition. There are countless predictable as well as random and accidental pitfalls. The new venture should grow out of the ‘liability of newness’ situations. There needs the ‘internal’ force to drive the entrepreneurial process against adverse conditions and negative market forces though it cannot be the sufficient condition for the growth without relevent learning and resolution of emergent problems in the entrepreneurial journey. The sample was constructed from a list of firms registered in the Small and Medium Business Administration (SMBA) in Korea. Authors conducted statistical analysis for surveyed data collected by SMBA. The sample ventures consist of 1,119 firms that have been established less than 8 years. The longitudinal 3-year lagged impacts of knowledge fit, organizational learning and entrepreneurial intent on the problem resolution are tested. The triple (RLR) process equation of the entrepreneurial journey are mathematically formulated as an exponential form of significant factors: Organizational learning of essential knowledge, knowledge fit of managerial human resource, and entrepreneurial intent. The results lead to academic and practical implications. There are some discussions on the theory building and further research in the field of entrepreneurship and related field of organizational learning.

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