신생 스타트업 네트워크 의존성과 기회 인식: 지식 습득과 기업가적 지향성의 역할
Network Reliance for Opportunity Recognition of Startups: The Roles of Knowledge Acquisition and Entrepreneurial Orientation
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신생 스타트업 기업가는 성과 창출 기회를 포착하기 위한 과정에서 외부 네트워크의 구축 및 관리 중요성을 인지하고 있지만, 자원 한계로 인해 여러 도전에 직면한다. 이러한 맥락에서 네트워크 의존성과 기업가적 기회 인식의 관계를 탐색해야 할 학문적 및 실무적 필요성이 대두된다. 그러나 선행연구의 노력에도 불구하고, 해당 관계가 발현·강화되는 개인적 기제에 대한 이론적 논의는 표면적으로 이루어져 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 신생 스타트업 기업가의 네트워크 의존성과 기업가적 기회 인식의 영향 관계에서 지식 습득과 기업가적 지향성의 조건적 역할을 탐색하는 데 목적이 있다. 기업 설립 후 3년 미만의 스타트업 기업가 161명에게 수집한 자료를 분석한 결과, 이들의 네트워크 의존성은 기술·시장에 관한 지식 습득을 통해서 기업가적 기회 인식 수준에 간접적 영향을 미쳤다. 또한, 이들의 기업가적 지향성은 네트워크 의존성과 기업가적 기회 인식 간 관계에서 지식 습득의 조건적 간접 효과를 강화했다. 이상의 결과는 네트워크 관리 및 지식 습득 전략이 신생 스타트업의 성과 창출 기반으로 작용하며, 기업가적 지향성이 높은 기업가일수록 새로운 사업적 기회 를 효과적으로 식별·활용할 수 있음을 시사한다. 즉, 본 연구는 네트워크·지식 기반 관점에서 기업가정신 연구를 확장함과 동시에, 외부 네트워크를 통해 기회를 식별하려는 기업가들에게 기업가적 학습 및 성향의 최적화 경로에 대한 통찰을 제공한다.
Abstract
Despite the pivotal role of external networks in capturing opportunities for startups’ business performance, nascent entrepreneurs often face challenges in managing the networks due to limited managerial competences. This scenario prompts a crucial examination of how their network reliance impacts the outcomes of opportunity recognition, an area where prior studies has only begun to explore the mechanisms at play. Addressing this gap, we focus on the potential roles that knowledge acquisition and entrepreneurial orientation play in conditionally mediating this relationship. By analyzing data from 161 entrepreneurs operating nascent startup businesses, we find that network reliance has an indirect effect on the opportunity recognition through knowledge acquisition. Moreover, entrepreneurial orientation moderates the indirect effect of knowledge acquisition in the relationship. Our findings underscore the importance of strategic network management and the pursuit of knowledge as fundamental elements for performance in the opportunity recognition. This study thus contributes to extending the entrepreneurship literature by integrating the network-based and knowledge-based views while providing practical insights for entrepreneurs seeking to optimize their learning and adapt their strategies for opportunity identification through external networks.
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