기업가 학습에 관한 통합적 문헌고찰
An Integrative Literature Review of Entrepreneurial Learning
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초록
본 연구는 지난 10년간 수행된 기업가 학습에 관한 국외 연구의 동향을 살펴보고 그 개념을 이해 함으로써 향후 HRD 연구와 실천에 시사점을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2010년부터 2019년까지 발표된 기업가 학습 관련 국외 문헌 중 통합적 문헌고찰 방법론을 통해 최종 86편을 선정하였다. 게 재연도, 학술지 학문 분야, 연구방법, 연구차원, 연구대상 특성, 이론적 틀, 분석 변수를 기준으로 범 주로 하여 논문들을 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기업가 학습 연구는 개념이 대두된 이래 지속적으로 경영학 학술지와 연구자를 위주로 수행되고 있으며, 그 개념이 기업가 특성 연구에 서 파생되었기 때문으로 유추할 수 있다. 둘째, 연구 대상 기업의 분야가 다양해지고 있음에도 불구 하고 대다수의 연구는 창업 초기 단계의 기업에 관심이 있었다. 셋째, 기업가 학습 연구에 가장 활발 하게 사용된 질적 접근법은 최근 그 주제를 기업가 개인의 경험에서 사회적인 맥락으로 확장해가고 있으며, 양적연구방법의 비중도 증가추세이지만 측정 도구와 모델에서 아직 한계를 보인다. 넷째, 기 업가 학습을 논의하는 이론적 틀은 다양한 시도에도 불구하고 여전히 경험학습 위주로 수행되고 있 어 기업가 학습의 복합적 특성을 드러내지 못하고 있다. 향후 기업가 학습의 발전을 위해서는 이들 의 성장과 학습에 초점을 두는 교육학적인 접근과 더불어 체계적인 이론을 통해 개념과 현상을 드러 낼 수 있어야 한다. 또한, 한국 사회 맥락에서 기업가 학습을 분석하고 확산하고자 하는 연구가 지속 적으로 이루어져야 한다.
Abstract
This study aims to provide implications for HRD research and practice by examining the research trends on entrepreneurship learning conducted over the past ten years. The final 86 articles were selected through an integrated literature review methodology published from 2010 to 2019. Studies were analyzed based on the year of publication, the journal’s academic field, the research method, the research dimension, the research subject’s characteristics, the theoretical frame, and the analysis variables. The results are as follows: First, we found that business management journals and researchers have continuously led entrepreneurial learning research since the concept emerged. Second, despite the diversification of the subject, most of the research was interested in companies in the early stages. Third, the qualitative studies on entrepreneurial learning have expanded its subject from the entrepreneur’s individual experience to social relationships and contexts. Although there is an increasing number of quantitative studies, it lacks measurement and models comprehensively examines entrepreneurial learning. Fourth, the theoretical framework for discussing entrepreneurial learning remains focused on experiential learning, which is limited to explore the diverse mechanisms of entrepreneurial learning. For the development of entrepreneurial learning research, more coherent, comprehensive, and systematic theories are required, which can be achieved by bringing more educational perspectives in the field. Research to analyze and spread entrepreneurial learning in the context of Korean society is also necessary.
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