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ADHD 성향 아동의 문제행동과 그 어머니의 심리 및 상호관계에 미치는 부모-아동 상호작용치료(PCIT)의 효과연구

The Effects of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy on ADHD Traits Children’s Behavior Problems, Their Mother’s Psychological Status and Interaction

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초록

이 연구에서는 부모-아동 상호작용 치료(PCIT)가 ADHD 성향 아동의 문제행동, 어머니의 심리 및 상호관계에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 3∼6세 아동 30명을 무선 할당하여 실험집단과 대기통제집단을 구성하였고 실험집단에 PCIT 프로그램을 주 1회 1시간씩 16회기에 걸쳐 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 실험집단 아동의 문제행동과 그 어머니의 양육스트레스와 우울이 유의하게 낮아졌고 어머니의 긍정적인 상호작용은 유의하게 증가하고 부정적인 상호작용은 유의하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 효과크기는 0.79∼3.73을 나타냄으로써 매우 큰 효과를 확인하였다. 둘째, 아동의 문제행동과 어머니의 양육스트레스와 우울은 사전, 사후, 추후 평가 과정을 통해서 유의한 선형의 하강을 나타냈고 긍정적인 상호작용은 유의한 선형의 상승을 나타냈다. 즉 프로그램을 실시한 이후 치료적 성과가 나타났고 3개월 추후 평가에서도 유지되었다. 이로서 PCIT가 ADHD 성향이 있는 학령전기 아동들의 한국 가족들에게 효과적인 개입임을 지지하는 증거를 제시했다는 점에서 연구의 의의가 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy on ADHD traits children’s behavior problems, their mother’s psychological status and interaction. 30 mother-child dyad were randomly assigned to either the experimental group or the waitlist control group. The PCIT program was conducted a total 16 session, once a week for an hour in an experimental group. The results were followings: First, after receiving the PCIT program, the level of children’s behavioral problems, mothers’ parenting stress, and mothers’ depression decreased. Second, the frequency of positive interactions increased and the frequency of negative interactions decreased. The effect sizes of the experimental group were large(0.79∼3.73). Treatment gains obtained after treatment were maintained at a 3-month follow-up assessment. PCIT seems to be an efficacious intervention for Korean families who have young children with ADHD traits.

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