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대기업과 중소기업의 상생협력 방안: 대기업의 자본 참여에 대한 탐색적 연구

Towards Mutually Beneficial Cooperation Between Large Enterprises and Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs): An Exploratory Study on Capital Participation of Large Enterprises in SMEs

박경민|현지수|이주일
한국중소기업학회|2023.03|중소기업연구|제45권 제1호|pp. 99-130

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참고문헌

키워드

상생협력기회주의OpportunismComplementarity보완성자본 참여자본 참여 프레임웍Mutually Beneficial CooperationCapital ParticipationCapital Participation Framework
주제분류경영학

초록

전 세계적으로 대기업과 중소기업의 상생협력은 시대적 과제이자 소명으로 인식되고 있다. 우리나라에서는 대기업과 중소기업의 상생협력을 위한 풍토를 조성하고, 이를 확산하기 위한 목적으로 대‧중소기업 상생협력 촉진에 관한 법률(이하 상생법)이 제정되었다. 특히 상생법 제11조(중소기업에 대한 대기업의 자본 참여 등에 관한 법률)는 대기업이 신성장동력을 발굴하는 한편 중소기업이 자원의 한계를 극복하는 데 있어서 상생협력의 초석을 제공할 수 있음에도 불구하고, 당초의 취지대로 활성화되지 않고 있는 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 중소기업에 대한 대기업의 자본 참여 실태를 이해하고, 상생법 제11조가 활성화되지 않는 원인을 다각도로 규명한다. 이를 통해 “보완성”과 “기회주의”의 관점에서 대기업과 중소기업 간 협력 관계를 파악할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 논의와 다중 사례 분석을 바탕으로 본 연구는 중소기업에 대한 대기업의 자본 참여가 상생협력의 생태계를 구축하는 데에 기여할 수 있도록 대기업의 자본 참여 프레임웍을 제시한다. 대기업의 자본 참여 프레임웍의 타당성을 확보하고자 표적집단면접을 실시하였고 관련 분야의 전문가 의견도 수렴하였다. 끝으로 본 연구는 중소기업에 대한 대기업의 자본 참여를 실효성 있게 추진하기 위한 정책적 방안에 대해서도 논의한다.

Abstract

Worldwide, mutually beneficial cooperation between large enterprises and SMEs has been recognized as a task and a calling of the times. In Korea, the Act on the Promotion of Mutually Beneficial Cooperation Between Large Enterprises and SMEs (hereafter the Win-Win Act) has been enacted to create and spread a climate for mutually beneficial cooperation between large enterprises and SMEs. In particular, Article 11 of the Win-Win Act (Act on Capital Participation of Large Enterprises in SMEs) has not been activated as originally intended, even though it can provide a foundation for mutually beneficial cooperation in exploring new growth engines and overcoming resource constraints. Thus, this study understands the current states of large enterprises’ capital participation in SMEs and identifies the causes of Article 11 of the Win-Win Act not being activated from various angles. Through this, we find that it is necessary to grasp the cooperative relationship between large enterprises and SMEs from the perspective of “complementarity” and “opportunism”. Based on such perspective and a multiple case study analysis, this study presents a framework for capital participation of large enterprises in SMEs, which can contribute to establishing an ecosystem of mutually beneficial cooperation. To ensure the validity of the framework, we conducted focus group interviews and collected expert opinions in related fields. Finally, this study also discusses policy measures to effectively promote large enterprises’ capital participation in SMEs.

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