여성의 성폭력 두려움에 대한 연구: 여대생을 대상으로
Study on Women’s Fear of Sexual Violence: Based on Female University Students
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최근 여성에 대한 성폭력 사건이 큰 사회적 관심을 모으고 있고 잔인한 살해나 신체 상해를 동반하는 성폭력 사건에 집중되는 보도는 그만큼 공포심도 증가시킨다. 그러나 한국사회에서 성폭력 두려움은 중요한 고려사항이 아니었다. 이 연구는 성폭력 두려움이 성폭력 대응에서 어떤 지점을 차지해야 하는가에 대한 고민에 답변하기 위해 기초적인 이해를 강화하고 보다 확대된 문제의식을 제공하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 조사 대상은 성폭력피해가 높은 연령층에 속하고 접근성이 용이한 여대생으로 한다. 조사방법은 서울 경기지역의 여대생 918명에 대한 설문과 8명에 대한 심층면접이다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 여대생들은 일상에서 성폭력 두려움을 다양하게 느끼면서 살고 있고 두려움은 비면식 가해자를 중심으로 형성되어 있다. 둘째, 성폭력 두려움은 성폭력 피해에 대한 의식과 긴밀하게 연결되어 있으며 주로 강간피해에 대한 두려움을 중심으로 형성된다. 셋째, 성폭력 두려움은 성폭력경험 보다는 과도한 피해의식, 언론보도, 성폭력 통념에 지배받으면서 만들어진다. 넷째, 성폭력 두려움은 여대생들의 일상생활이나 부모와의 관계에서 다양한 영향을 미치고 있다. 일상적 두려움, 위축되거나 과장된 회피행동, 통금이나 독립적 생활에 대한 규제 등을 낳고 있다. 다섯째, 두려움이 커 회피행동 등을 선택하는 비율이 높지만 두려움 해결을 위해 적극적으로 노력한 비율은 낮다. 성폭력은 여성의 노력이나 능력에 의해서 피할 수 있는 것이 아니라 성폭력이 일어날 수 있는 상황을 회피하는 것이 최선의 방책이라는 판단이 지배적이다. 성폭력 두려움은 여대생의 삶에 다양한 영향을 미치고 있다. 언론의 성폭력사건에 대한 부적절하거나 과도한 보도, 여성의 성폭력 피해의식이나 피보호자적 지위를 강화하는 대책 등에 대해 엄밀한 검토가 필요하다.
Abstract
Cases of sexual violence against women have recently become the center of the society’s attention, and the media’s selective coverage of sensational sexual violence cases involving violent murder or injury increases the public’s fear. However, fear of sexual violence has yet to be treated as a matter of interest in Korean society. This study aims to strengthen the understanding and bring up new points of discussion regarding the role that fear of sexual violence should have in responding to sexual violence. The subjects of the study are female university students, a relatively accessible group that also belongs to a highly targeted age-group when it comes to sexual violence. The study reflects the results of surveys conducted with 918 female university students and in-depth interviews with eight. 5 conclusions could be made based on the research. First, women experience fear of sexual violence in their daily lives in various forms, and their fear is focused on stranger rape. Second, the fear of sexual violence is closely linked to the perception regarding sexual violence, and is mostly focused on rape. Third, fear of sexual violence is created under the influence of excessive fear of the consequences of rape as well as media coverage and society’s perception of sexual violence, rather than being derived solely from sexual violence itself. Fourth, fear of sexual violence influences everyday life of female university students, as well as their relationship with their parents. The possibility of sexual violence becomes a reason for daily fear, contracted or exaggerated evasive behavior, curfew, and restriction of independent activities. Fifth, most of our respondents focused on evasive behavior because of their fear while few had made active efforts to actually overcome their fear. The dominant belief was that since sexual violence was not something that could be overcome through women’s efforts or abilities, the only solution was to avoid all situations that could potentially lead to experiencing sexual violence. Fear of sexual violence is influencing the lives of female university students in many ways. It is necessary to carefully examine inappropriate or excessive media coverage as well as measures that reinforce women’s victim mentality and dependency regarding sexual violence.
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