성평등 단체교섭 강화를 위한 길: 영국과 프랑스 비교를 중심으로
A Path towards Equality Bargaining: A Comparison between France and the U.K.
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성별 격차 해소를 위해서는 정부의 법적 조치, 기업 차원에서의 개선과 더불어 노동 조합도 단체교섭과 행동을 통해 성평등 증진을 주요 목표와 의제로 제기해야 할 필요가 있다. 이와 같은 역할의 중요성에도 불구하고 지금까지 노사관계 이론 및 실천에서는 성평등 단체교섭의 개념과 실제가 거의 조명되지 않았다. 이 연구에서는 지금까지의 연구와 실천에서 간과되어 온 성평등 단체교섭의 개념을 고찰하고 프랑스와 영국의 성평등 단체교섭 발전과정을 분석하여 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 비교분석을 통해 이 연구는 성평등 추진에서 중요한 것은 노동조합이 형식적 평등을 추구하는데 그치지 않고 성주류화의 관점에서 실질적 평등을 추구해야 하고, 이를 위해 노동조합의 근본적 혁신을 추진해야 한다는 것을 발견하였다. 이는 구조화된 불평등의 결과에 따라 남성에 비해 불리한 위치에 있는 여성의 특수한 욕구에 대한 차별화된 개입과 적극적 조치를 통해 결과의 평등을 추구하는 전략을 요구한다. 이 연구는 정부 차원의 법 제도화가 실질적 평등으로 귀결될 수 있으려면 노동조합의 성주류화 전략 추구와 여성 노동자들의 아래로부터의 조직화에 의한 노동조합 혁신이 결합되어야 한다는 점을 강조한다. 노동 조합 내 여성 대표성 및 리더십 강화, 성주류화 관점에서의 성평등 단체교섭과 여성 노 동자들의 자기 조직화 간 유기적 통합이 필요한 것이다.
Abstract
This study explores the meaning of equality bargaining, a theme that has been largely overlooked both in theory and in practice. To do this, this paper compares the development of equality bargaining in the U.K. and France. The comparative analysis points to the importance of the role of labor unions in pursuing substantive equality and in formulating a union renewal strategy that fundamentally transforms union government and practice. Such a strategy should push for substantial gender equality by allowing a different kind of intervention that recognizes the gender-specific needs of women who are in a disadvantaged position as a result of structured gender inequality. This study argues that government-led legislation can act as a lever in advancing gender equality, only if it is combined with gender mainstreaming union strategy. Progress towards gender equality needs organic integration of an increase in women’s representation in union governance and leadership structure, equality bargaining based on gender mainstreaming strategy, and grassroots self-organization of women.
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