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대규모 국제 체육행사로서 올림픽 경기가 국가의 법규범의 변화에 미치는 영향

The Impacts of the Olympic Games on the State as an International mega-Sports Events

김종호
한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 (The Korean Association of Sports & Entertainment Law)|2015.08|스포츠엔터테인먼트와 법 (The Journal of Sports and Entertainment Law)|제18권 제3호|pp. 75-113|DOI 10.19051/kasel.2015.18.3.75

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참고문헌

키워드

OlympismOlympic Games올림픽 경기대규모 체육행사올림픽주의 국제올림픽위원회쿠베르텡세계 축구경기세계 육상선수권대회세계 학생경기대회mega-Sports eventsInternational Olympic CommitteeBaron Pierre de CoubertinFootball World CupAthletics World ChampionshipsWorld Student Games.

초록

대규모 스포츠 행사로서 올림픽은 경제, 문화, 법, 정치 등의 영역에서 다양한 특징들을 내포하고 있기 때문에 본고에서는 올림픽 경기를 하나의 전형적이고 단순한 대규모 체육행사로서만 취급되어서는 안 된다는 것을 분석을 통하여 제시하고자 한다. 올림픽 경기들은 올림픽주의라고 하는철학으로부터 최고의 이념이나 가치가 도출된다. 국제올림픽위원회가 정한 엄격한 틀 내에서 경기가 조직되고 올림픽주의라는 정신이 그 성장과 발전에 원동력으로서 영향을 미친다. 대규모 스포츠 행사의 유치는 다양한 혜택을 가져오게 되고 이것은 본질적으로 도시나 지역개발을 위한 정부의 주도권에서부터 사경제 영역의 이익을 얻기 위한 주도권에 이르기까지 다양한범위에 걸친 이해관계와 관련되어 있다. 그 결과 조직위원회는 갈등이 배제된 다양한 이해관계를다루어야 하는 바 이것은 그들이 아주 복잡한 업무를 수행해야 함을 의미한다. 대규모 스포츠 행사를 개념 정의함에 있어서 우리는 이 행사에 미치는 영향의 정도를 추가할 필요가 있고 내부적인결정인자들은 조직적인 측면에 있어서 복잡성뿐만 아니라 그 행사의 규모와 기간도 포함하고 정부와 사기업, 그리고 공공단체와 같은 다양한 단체의 개입정도도 고려해야만 한다. 대규모 스포츠 행사가 그와 같은 순기능을 실제로 발휘하는지 여부에 대해서는 여러 학자들에의해서 논쟁이 제기되었다. 대규모 스포츠 행사가 유치도시와 지역에 미치는 영향은 그 정도가 크고 범위가 다양하며, 이와 같은 행사는 어느 국가이든지 긍정적인 결과를 야기할 수 있다는 생각이 여러 문헌들에 의해서 지지를 받고 있다. 본고에서는 대형 스포츠 행사가 우리사회에 미치는다양한 영향에 대해서 논의하는데 특히 법규범에 미치는 변화를 살펴보았다. 나아가 스포츠 행사가 미치는 영향의 긍정적인 측면에 대한 반론에 대해서도 초점을 맞추어 고찰하였다.

Abstract

Mega sporting events can be defined by their impacts on the society and state and complexity in organization and delivery channel. I challenge the events which include its various characteristics such as economy, culture, law, politics and they must not be treated as just typical single and simple sports event. The top of the ideology and value system of Olympic games may be deduced from the philosophy of Olympicism. The games are organized under the framework that made by International Olympic Committee and Olympic spirits as driving forces are strongly impact on the growth of the events. The paper concludes that while the prospect of economic growth is the driving force behind bids for hosting the mega sports event (i.e., Olympic Games), the legacies that follow their hosting are difficult to quantify, prone to political interpretation and multifaceted. Single and multi-sport events of all natures are multiplying, an increasing number of cities and countries want to host such events, and sponsorship is on the rise both in terms of the number of business organizations wanting to be involved as well as the dollar amounts associated with sponsoring event. These statements are especially true for mega sporting events. Such events are traditionally defined as events designated as being a ‘must-see’ event able to attract worldwide publicity. Countries and cities vigorously compete to host sports mega-events because they perceive that doing so will enhance their image and stimulate or boom-up their economies. International sporting events necessarily require substantial expenditures on infrastructure, organization and security and critically depend, therefore, on public subsidization. Accordingly, careful attention is paid to the presence of constraints on interest and concerns on the goods and service and on the sources of many side of Olympic business and capital investments. One of the reasons for the increased popularity of mega sporting events is the supposed legacies the events can bring to the host region. These legacies are thought to change or impact the host region arguably for the better. Therefore, we should consider the inner and exterior elements of the event, size of the festival, certain degree of intervention of government or private corporation, and public entities, etc. These range of the political, social, economical, physical and cultural effects comes from sports event can be negative as well as positive. This paper reviews the literature on the features of such events and, drawing particular examples from recent Olympic Games which was held over the world cities, it identifies the nature and extent of their impacts on the host country and community. This work analysed many kinds of effect on the society that stemming from the sports and especially legal side of the effects were narrowly examined. Furthermore, my arguments are focused on the reviewing both positive and negative point of view of the impacts of the mega sports events.

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